Organizational Structure of Southwest Airlines Case Study - 3

Organizational Structure of Southwest Airlines - Case Study Example There are six main divisions at SWA, namely customer services, administration, operations, communication, finance, and regulations. The divisions have their own subdivisions where specialists offer distinct services. For example, the four subdivisions of the administration unit are people, procurement, diversity and inclusion, and information. SWA has a very healthy culture where the employees feel respected and their skills’ acknowledged. SWA has faith in the capability and skills of its employees. This can primarily be attributed to the fact that management at SWA has always strived to find just the right people for particular tasks and has been very particular about finding the right people in the selection process (Holstein). The management structure at SWA promotes counseling, coaching, and responsiveness without interference from the managers. This, in turn, drives the employees’ motivation to keep showing the best performance since their positive efforts are recognized. Managers at SWA have developed an environment that enhances the employees’ ability to be efficient and effective in the arena of customer service. The best practices for the company’s functions are mutually established by the managers and the employees. Employees at SWA have been giving the power of decision making so that they require no guidance from the managers to get the jobs done. Employees gain motivation to achieve SWA’s goals from the team based concept. Leadership at SWA is focused at not only keeping the employees aware of the goals of the company and the expectations of the leaders with the staff members but also at developing coordination and harmony among the organizational personnel so that they are able to work in a team setting with minimal interpersonal conflicts. According to Gittell (2003), strategy and coordination, culture, and leadership are the factors of strategy that SWA employs.  

The Cold War between 1945 and 1991 Essay Example for Free

The Cold War between 1945 and 1991 Essay Show how and why the different historiographies relating to the start of the Cold War have changed between 1945 and 1991 Throughout 1945 to 1991 different approaches and schools of thought had been adopted in pinpointing who was responsible for starting the Cold War. Ranging from the Orthodox school of thought, which identifies Stalin and the USSR as the main perpetrator in starting the Cold War, to the Revisionist viewpoint which blames Truman and the USA for doing so. The Post Revisionist school believes both the USSR and the USA are to blame. This comes full circle resulting with the Post Post Revisionist school which links back to the belief that the USSR are to blame. These historiographies feature primarily in certain time periods and express the views of certain peoples. The changes sparked in these viewpoints are often due to the declassification of certain information as well as social changes. The Traditionalist School, prevalent form +/- 1945 to 1960 consisting mainly of Western historians believed that the Stalin and the USSR were fully to blame for the outbreak of the Cold War. This school ultimately held the belief that Stalin had a master plan and that his foreign policy was expansionist with the aims of spreading a world revolution. The orthodox school felt Stalin’s contribution as a leader in the outbreak of the Cold War was extremely apparent due to his Marxist beliefs and therefore anti-capitalist, expansionist way of rule. Stalin’s ulterior motives could be perceived as evident at an early stage with his refusal to withdraw his troops from Germany. Furthermore, his expansionist ways were clearly displayed through his constant need to take hold of territory and establish communist governments within them for the sake of Russian ‘safety’. The traditionalists doubted the validity of this argument and believed it simply to be an excuse, as the proximity of countries Russia tried to attain were beyond that of buffer states, such as Russia’s invasion of Czechoslovakia in addition to this, the same excuse of ‘safety’ had been used shortly in the past by Hitler. Russia had too set up policies and organisations to aid and support communism such as the World Wide Workers Revolution, the Cominform and Comercon, which would inspire growth, strength and ultimately a breeding ground for communism. The broken promises of Potsdam and Yalta further paid tribute to the USSR’s role in promoting and developing the Cold War as these broken promises were seen as for expansionist purposes and caused irked the American people. As the USSR did not keep to their promise of holding free elections, they thereby yet again made sure their neighbour states were ‘friendly’ communist states, the USSR too breached Potsdam by setting up Russian-controlled coalition parties and manipulating Germany into thinking Russia was working in her favour. This can be viewed by the USA as another means to promote the spread of communism and increase the power of the USSR This historiography came in to being as the only source of information available came from the West and therefore held extreme bias against the Soviets, the existing secrecy and suspicion rendered interaction with communist states impossible. The Revisionist School, prevalent from+/- 1960-1970 comprised of mainly the Eastern bloc but too consisted of many Western historians. However, this school believed that the USA accompanied by Truman held responsibility for the start of the Cold War. They held the belief that the main contributor to the conflict was the American president Harry S. Truman. Truman’s inexperience with the sort of conflict that arose in Germany and his hard line approach often resulted in America making decisions of an extremely aggressive nature, fuelling the Cold War and rivalry between the USA and the USSR. The decisions made by the USA were bound to be reacted to badly by the USSR as they were extremely provocative and of a threatening nature. For example, Truman’s decision to stop lend lease in 1945 was perceived by Stalin and the USSR as an extremely unfriendly act and marked a definite change in the relationship between the USA and the USSR. The hard-line actions adopted by the USA and encouraged by the Keenan Long Telegram contributed to the Cold War as they acted as a declaration stating that the USSR and the USA could not work together or even coincide peacefully, this approach too offered more reason for an opposing Soviet reaction. A main factor stemming from Truman’s hatred of communism that contributed greatly to the Cold War was his policy of containment. Truman’s outward opposition of communism and his idea of containing and eliminating communism were therefore extremely threatening to the communists and would of course inspire a reaction amongst the USSR of a defensive nature. The proposal of the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan whilst promoting Dollar Imperialism would therefore increase the rivalry between the USA and the USSR as it marked their complete opposition to communism, to the extent whereby they would take action to actively defeat it. The Revisionists too highlight that Stalin did have a legitimate need for safety after being devastated by the Germans not long before and did have reason to annex Poland as it was a traditional invasion route, and could be used to safeguard Russia from attack. The change of analysis from Orthodox to Revisionist was a direct result of the social reform present during that timeframe, with more shocking information emerging about the Vietnam War the American people felt betrayed by their country as they were personally able to view the massacre taking place, this sparked a surge of human right movements and hippiedom etc. Accompanied by this social change, pre-existing information started to be interpreted in a new light. However the ideals of The Post Revisionist School, prevalent from approximately 1962 to 1973, made up of mainly Western historians has to be taken into account as they held the belief that both the USA as well as the USSR were to blame for outbreak of the Cold War as it was clearly not mono causal. One cannot analyse the actions of each superpower individually and lay blame on one certain party due the complexity of the matter. It has to be considered that rivalry is the result of two parties; in this case, both the USA and the USSR committing actions deemed by the other as threatening or in opposition to their own policy such as Stalin’s need for security interpreted as expansionist. The blame has to be placed on both the USA and the USSR as there was mutual mistrust between them; this mistrust did not arise specifically due to one event with one party being in the wrong but was cultivated for many years between each party and exacerbated by their opposing ideologies and added fuel to by both their opposing participation in the Cuban Missile Crisis and in Afghanistan. Therefore the vacuum left by Germany was bound to inspire conflict, as with any two major superpowers the problem of power and power struggles were bound to be introduced. The misunderstanding of motives, stemming from the mistrust of each party too played a main role in the development of the Cold War as actions often of defensive purposes were seen as in favour of their own regime and threatening to the other. The joint responsibility is supported by the fact that both the German Federal Republic and the German Democratic Republic mutually refused to acknowledge the other as a proper government. This change in interpretation comes about as a result of Stalin’s death, the period of dà ©tente and the reinterpretation of old information as more archives are opened and information is declassified.

The Kite Runner Essay -- Literary Analysis, Khaled Hosseini

As implied by the title, kites play a major role in the novel The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini. They appear numerous times within the text and prove to be surprisingly versatile in their literary function. They provide common ground for characters whose interests do not normally intersect. They are also present as a very powerful symbol, which adds an extra dimension to this already literary rich novel. Reversing the roles transcending generations, it shows itself to be a multifaceted medium. This novel presents two almost irreconcilable individuals. The main character, Amir, was raised without a mother; therefore, Amir was left with his father, Baba, to please as he grew up. Early on in his life, it became obvious that pleasing Baba would prove to be problematic. They simply did not have similar interests as a consequence of Baba â€Å"fathering a son who preferred burying his face in poetry books to hunting† (Hosseini 19). Baba was described as a very dominating figuring standing at a monstrous six feet five inches tall who often enjoyed hunting and ran his own business. Amir, on the other hand, was of insignificant stature even for his young age and often was found reading poetry and stories with his friend and servant, Hassan, who, although being a year younger than Amir, often beats Amir in the area of athletic prowess such as throwing rocks when â€Å"Hassan made his stone skip eight times. The most I [Amir] managed was five,† (Hosseini 14) or even si mply running when Amir said, â€Å"Hassan ran faster than I [Amir] did, and I was falling behind,† (Hosseini 53). The son was simply not very sportive. Inversely, The athletic father also greatly enjoyed playing soccer as a child and later enjoyed being a spectator of this sport; consequ... ...r image had occurred from the past with the reversal it entails. The kite is important in this situation because the reversal could not have taken place in any other scenario. Sohrab would not interact with the world nearly at all at this point, and the only way it could have paralleled would be with a kite battle. Amir had traded places with Hassan through Sohrab with the use of the kite. Wholly proving to be a very dynamic object in this novel, it functions on multiple levels. It provides a connection between two characters that reside in totally different spheres of interests. It acts on the symbolic level as a symbol of freedom for the characters within. It also provides a medium for the reversal of roles between two characters in this novel. Kites prove to be quite potent in their presence and function in the novel, The Kite Runner by Khalid Hosseini.

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Theory of Knowledge Divided line (Republic Book VI) What are the 2 worlds? What are the 4 divisions? The Greek terms The specific examples Allegory of the cave (Republic Book W) What is the story? Plato's method Socratic dialogue/method Socratic irony Why does Socrates never give the answer? 2 reasons: what are they? Socratic dialogue + Socratic irony = TRUTH Plato's trilogy of works on the end of Socrates' life Apology: Socrates' defense 2 charges against him: what are they? Crito: Socrates in Jail, discussing JusticePhaedo: the death of Socrates Philosophers Unpaid speakers Quest for knowledge Never claim they have knowledge Have a duty to enlighten other people even if the other people don't want it Believe in guiding others to the answer, not giving it directly Always searching for the TRUTH Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Sophists Paid speakers Taught nobility, honor, and excellence Uses rhetoric (eloquent, fancy language) to manipulate and deceive other people into thinking like the y do, into accepting their values They pretend to have the answers to ll questions, but they don't They teach in order to gain wealth and power Do not seek the truth Will spoon-feed the answer to their teachers Politicians, businessmen, etc.Gorgias, Meno, Protagoras Horse and gadfly example Socrates is the fly, Athens is the horse The horse is fat and lazy, and the fly is trying to annoy the horse to get it to move Athens is ignorant and lazy, and Socrates is trying to push the people to learn It is not easy, because one man's power is not enough to move the entire nation; all Socrates can do is keep trying Plato's Meno The question: what is virtue? The examples Socrates and Meno use to try and answer the question: Bee Shape Color Health & strength What is the problem with Meno's answers? Opinion vs. Knowledge (doxa vs. episteme) July 1st, 2nd, and 3rd notes What are the similarities?

Organisation Behaviour Essay

Expolanka Bangladesh Limited is a group companies in Bangladesh . It has several sister concern who are holding different airlines General Sales Agent (GSA) in Bangladesh. Wings Classic Tours and Travels Limited is one of the sister concern who is holding General sales Agent of Virgin Atlantic Airlines. The Accounting Manager in the accounting department prepares different types of report to assist management with decision. The Manger plays a vital rule for decision making in this organisation. This analysis revealed including the requirements of this managerial job ,how a manager interact with inside and outside group or individual who are important, principle characteristics of these individual or groups, A job task analysis provides a basis for establishing the knowledge, skills, and abilities to work in a managerial position . It determines what job tasks manager performs on a daily, fortnightly, monthly, and yearly basis . These job tasks are separated into different stages based on duties, responsibility, type of job task and so on. ? Accounting Manager’s job description : The Accounting Manager is responsible for all areas relating to financial reporting. This position is responsible for developing and maintaining accounting principles, practices and procedures to ensure accurate and timely financial statements. Financial statements include Income statement, Balance sheet and Cash flow statement, changes of equity and notes to the accounts. Accounting standard (International Accounting Standard),Corporation Act, company law ,taxes rule must be maintained and complied by him to prepare that reports . The Accounting Manager supervises staff accountants and is responsible for managing the team to ensure that work is properly allocated and completed in a timely and accurate manner . He interacts with top management, corporate team and other departments e. g. sales department, marketing department and operation department within the organization. He deals different type of reports and data with them. This position involves a multitude of accounting activities including general ledger preparation, financial reporting, year end audit preparation and the support of budget and forecast activities. The Accounting Manager contacts with senior-level and the firm’s Managing Director ,Executive Director and Corporate Finance Controller which requires strong interpersonal communication skills both written and verbal. He represents all the financial activities in the board meeting. He monitors and collects outstanding payment within stipulated credit duration from clients , makes the payment to the principal that is virgin Atlantic as per terms and condition , takes necessary action about financial transactions and deals with financial institutions and leasing companies as well. Corporate Finance Controller is assisted by him in the daily banking requirements. This position collaborates with the other department’s managers to support overall department goals and objectives. Managing Director , Finance Controller, and other wide managers get respond regarding financial results, special reporting requests from this position. He handles personnel issues relating to staff conflicts, absenteeism, performance issues, etc. Monitoring and analysing departmental work to develop more efficient procedures and use of resources while maintaining a high level of accuracy also include under manager duties and responsibilities. This position requires to follow any other job-related duties required by the management. This job description in no way implies that these are the only duties to be performed. (Accounting job description, n. d) Individuals/groups who are important to this job : The Accounting manager interacts with different groups and individual inside and outside the organisation. The Managing Director, Finance controller and Human Resources Manager are the most important to his job inside the organisation. He has lots of routine tasks with them. Besides that other department’s Manager e. Sales manager ,marketing Manager and operation Manger is also important for his job position. Other accounts executives inside the organisation play important rule to assist the Accounting Manager requirements. In addition to that Financial institution (bank ,leasing company )and the principal (Virgin Atlantic Airlines) and the clients are important to carry out his job. (Accounting job description, n. d) Main characteristics of these groups /individual : Managing Director: Mr. Mahbubul Anam is the Managing Director of Expolanka Bangladesh. His esponsibilities is to manage, monitor and guide the working of the organisation. He involves of controlling all important departments such as finance, sales, human resource, marketing etc. He also supervises and monitors the work these entire departments. Decisions ,advices and recommendations are also taken by him to achieve the organizational goal. He conducts meeting with respective department in the company to find out business strategies for growth of the company in terms of sales figures and net profit. She involves to taking right decision in favor of the company’s interests and satisfies of the shareholder. Managing Director job description n. d ) Finance Controller : The main job responsibility of the Finance Controller is to manage all financial issues. This includes : †¢ The first task of the Finance Controller is to manage and conduct financial resources. So that he plans for future needs and support regarding finance to run the business smoothly. †¢ Preparing and monitoring of financial budget and submit that report to the board of directors of the organization. †¢ Where any inconsistencies to reconciliations , He takes action or refer to relevant personnel as appropriate Statutory authority and audi t requirements are complied . †¢ Ensure compliance all taxation and legislative requirements at all times. †¢ Provides monthly and weekly report to the head quarter, monthly financial statement, fortnightly and daily different reports to the management . (Accounting job description n. d) Human resource manager: Human resource manager plays important role to recruit employee in this organization. His duties includes : †¢ Compensation, benefits and performance management systems, and safety and recreation programs are administered by him. Identify staff vacancies and recruit, interview and select applicants. †¢ Allocate human resources and ensuring appropriate matches between personnel. †¢ Provide current and prospective employees with information about policies, job duties, working conditions, wages, and opportunities for promotion and employee benefits. (Human Resources Manager n. d ) Sales Manager: †¢ Develops a business plan and sales strategy for the market that ensures attainment of company sales goals and profitability. †¢ Prepares action plans by individuals as well as by team for effective search of sales leads and prospects. Initiates and coordinates development of action plans to penetrate new markets. †¢ Assists in the development and implementation o f marketing plans as needed. †¢ Provides timely feedback to senior management regarding performance. †¢ Provides timely, accurate, competitive pricing on all completed prospect applications submitted for pricing and approval, while striving to maintain maximum profit margin. †¢ Maintains accurate records of all pricings, sales, and activity reports submitted by Account Executives. †¢ Controls expenses to meet budget guidelines. ( H. Rob n. d ) Marketing Manager : †¢ manage and coordinate all marketing, advertising and promotional staff and activities †¢ conduct market research to determine market requirements for existing and future products †¢ analysis of customer research, current market conditions and competitor information †¢ develop and implement marketing plans and projects for new and existing products †¢ manage the productivity of the marketing plans and projects †¢ monitor, review and report on all marketing activity and results (Sample Marketing manager job description n. d) Principle characteristics: Name |Position |Age |Gender |Personality |Pattern of interaction |Efficiency |Effectiveness |Satisfaction | |Mr. Mahbubul Anam |Managing Director |50 |Male |Negotiable |Face to face Telephone E-mail Fax |Efficient |Effective |yes | |Mr. MH khusru |Finance Controller |40 |Male |Friendly |Over the telephone E-mail Face to face fax |Efficient |Effective |yes | |Mr. Bahauddin Ahmed |Human Resources Manager |42 |Male |Extroversion |Over the telephone E-mail Face to face fax |Efficient |Effective |Yes | |MS. Naima Imam Roy |Sales Manager |38 |Female |Agreeable |Over the telephone E-mail Face to face ax |Efficient |Effective |Yes | |Mr. Shahidul Islam |Marketing Manager |42 |Male |Openness to experience |Over the telephone E-mail Face to face |Efficient |Effective |yes | | Nature of interdependency: The Accounting manager is independent in this organization. Even though he collaborates with other department for various issues like credit duration, credit realisation within stipulated ,cost minimise , more profit and increase revenue. He is also part of mid management to achieve the organisational goal. Managing director: Accounting Manger always expects to support from managing director. In this situation Accounting Manager propose to finance controller and he conducts with Managing director. This is sequential way to communicate. He also assumes major decision for financial issues and approval for strategy from managing director. On the other hand, Managing Director expects cost minimization, increase net profit , efficiency of financial information and effective time management from Accounting Manager. Finance controller: In this regard, Accounting Manager requires all financial support from finance controller manager to carry out the business. However, Financial controller also assumes to minimize operational cost, proper utilization of resource and increase the net profit by efficiency. Sales Manager: He also expects accuracy of the financial support, various financial report and information to achieve his departmental goal and organisational goal as well. In the same way ,Accounting Manager require sales target, financial requirement to implement that sales from sales manager. Marketing Manager: He manages and coordinates all marketing, advertising and promotional staff and activities. He determines and manages the marketing budget by submitting the budget to the Accounting Manager. Accounting Manager prepares at a glance report with appropriate supporting then forwards to the management for approval. Diagram of interdependency: Evaluation of the interdependent of group: Effectiveness: Effectiveness is the capability of producing a desired result. All the Manger in this organisation are doing well their task effectively by systematic way. All kind of tasks are assigned by the management to achieve the organisational goal. For example Accounting Manager has ceiling to access his financial power. He is entitled to access up to that finance power. If the transaction is more than that ceiling then he needs to get approval from managing director. In this way, all Managers perform their activities with effectively to run their business. Efficiency: Efficiency means to do right things in right time. If Accounting Manager can get the financial decision form Finance controller instead of Managing director then it would be more efficient. However, they have finished their work more efficiently what we have assigned to achieve the goal and target. Satisfaction: All managers and employee are satisfied in this organisation. They practise and follow multinational culture. Every employee works as a team member with their satisfaction not like superior or subordinate. Recommendations: Airlines industry is a high competitive industry. it has a positive image in the market due to its high service level , wide market coverage and at a reasonable rate with fast service; †¢ All department managers should be more helpful and cooperate to each other to achieve the goal †¢ All manager should get free mobile for better communication. Management should arrange the transport facilities for their employee because of transport problem in Dhaka city. †¢ They have to build up strong communication network from lower level to top level for perform their job efficiently. †¢ Try to introduce more motivational workshop for employee training. All department managers become friendlier to their subordinate; looks like a family member. 01. Accountin g job description (n. d) Retrieved on August 10, 2012 from http://www. accountingjobstoday. com/cm/Job-Descriptions/accounting-manager2. tml 02. Expolanka (Bangladesh) Limited (n. d) Retrieved on August 11 , 2012 from http://www. expolankafreight. com/regional_offices/bangla. htm 03. Managing Director job description (n. d) Retrieved on August 13, 2012 from http://www. buzzle. com/articles/managing-director-job-description. html 04. Human Resources Management (n. d) Retrieved on August 13 , 2012 from http://www. burtoncontractors. com. au/files/Financial%20Controller. pdf 05. H,Rob( n. d) Sales Manager job description example Retrieved on August 13, 2012 from http://www. alescareersonline. com/articles/article_08132006_2. html 06. Sample Marketing Manager job description (n. d) Retrieved on August 13, 2012 from http://www. best-job-interview. com/marketing-manager-job-description. html 07. Human Resources Manager (n. d) Retrieved on August 13, 2012 from http://job-descriptions. care erplanner. com/Human-Resources-Managers. cfm [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] ———————– Managing Director Human resource manager Accounting Manger Finance controller Director Marketing Manger Sales Manager

Definition What is news

Definition What is news Several kinds of information constitute news. These include facts, figures, Interpretation, opinion and announcements. Facts, together with figures refer to statements of unchanging elements in a news item. If it is changing, fact refers then to the last known state of that element.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Definition: What is news? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Interpretations try to draw meaning from occurrences. It is the effort put into understanding the situation under consideration. Opinions seek to inform the reader or listener about the aspects of a situation based on law, economics, or a multidisciplinary view of the situation under review. Its purpose is to predict effects, describe impact or present possibilities in relation to the occurrence of an event. Finally, announcements form a critical component of news. This informs the recipients about an event or a change. Its purpose is to update on t he latest state of a news item. It includes aspects like major job appointments, upcoming events, death and funerals, among others. Public announcement of road closures fall under this category. We use news for many different purposes including acquisition of facts, formation of opinions, settlement of arguments and for planning of activities. Many things are just necessary to know regardless of whether there is anything expected from us in relation to it. This includes matters like terrorist threats, progress of war, presidential visits, among others. It keeps us in the loop and greatly aids our social interaction. Formation of opinion is important in issues where we need to take a stand such as participation in elections and referendums. Settling arguments becomes necessary when there are factual errors in understanding, or differing viewpoints on how a matter will evolve. Finally, news is useful to us for planning our activities. The weather report is invaluable for us when we ar e planning to travel. Good or reliable news must come from trustworthy sources such as a well-known media houses, official communication by campus administration on notice boards, or trusted persons. If it comes from other sources, then it needs to be verifiable by independent parties. Credible news influences action. For instance if the government raises terror alert levels, then signs of enhanced security such as in airports and public places ought to be visible. These factors also determine whether one can trust a news source. Any news that sounds sensationalized, or that comes from suspicious sources or that is out of context attracts suspicion.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Generally, any news that sounds ‘off’ and is not verifiable does not command confidence. This applies for official communication and for personal communication. The most su spicious news sources are online news sources presenting partisan views because they often present their views as though they were fact. The definition of news therefore must include the following elements. It requires informative characteristics, an element of ‘newness’ and must have an objective. Before an item qualifies to be news, there has to be an additional amount of information it is adding to what the recipient already knows. Whether it is personal communication, press release, blog reports or announcements on a notice board, additional information is necessary for an item to become news. Secondly, it requires an element of newness. If it sounds old, then it fails in its function as news. Finally, the item must have a clear objective. Good news items evoke some kind of reaction, and inspire thought or action. Therefore, a fitting definition of news is an item of communication through mainstream, official and personal means of communication that passes on new in formation to the recipient to achieve a clear objective.

Free Essays on Anxiety

Abstract Anxiety is a normal reaction to a threatening situation and results from an increase in the amount of adrenaline from the sympathetic nervous system. This increased adrenaline speeds the heart and respiration rate, raises blood pressure, and diverts blood flow to the muscles. These physical reactions are appropriate for escaping from danger, but when they cause anxiety in many situations throughout the day, they may be detrimental to a normal lifestyle. An anxiety disorder is a disorder where feelings of fear, apprehension, or anxiety are disruptive or cause distortions in behavior, (Coon, 526); they are psychiatric illnesses that are not useful for normal functioning. At times, an underlying illness or disease can cause persistent anxiety. Treatment of the illness or disease will stop the anxiety. Anxiety Disorders & Their Treatments Anxiety illnesses affect more than 23 million Americans, with about 10 million Americans suffering from the most common, general anxiety disorder (Harvard, 1). Common anxiety disorders are panic attacks (panic disorder), phobias, and general anxiety disorder (GAD). Panic attacks can begin with a feeling of intense terror, followed by physical symptoms of anxiety. A panic attack is characterized by unpredictable attacks of severe anxiety with symptoms not related to any particular situation (British, 1886). The person experiencing the attack may not be aware of the cause. Symptoms include four or more of the following: pounding heart, difficulty breathing, dizziness, chest pain, shaking, sweating, choking, nausea, depersonalization, numbness, fear of dying, flushes, fear of going crazy. Heredity, metabolic factors, hyperventilation, and psychological factors may also contribute to anxiety causing panic attacks (British, 1886). Panic disorder tends to run in families with first degree relatives of patients having four to seven times greater risk than the general popu... Free Essays on Anxiety Free Essays on Anxiety Abstract Anxiety is a normal reaction to a threatening situation and results from an increase in the amount of adrenaline from the sympathetic nervous system. This increased adrenaline speeds the heart and respiration rate, raises blood pressure, and diverts blood flow to the muscles. These physical reactions are appropriate for escaping from danger, but when they cause anxiety in many situations throughout the day, they may be detrimental to a normal lifestyle. An anxiety disorder is a disorder where feelings of fear, apprehension, or anxiety are disruptive or cause distortions in behavior, (Coon, 526); they are psychiatric illnesses that are not useful for normal functioning. At times, an underlying illness or disease can cause persistent anxiety. Treatment of the illness or disease will stop the anxiety. Anxiety Disorders & Their Treatments Anxiety illnesses affect more than 23 million Americans, with about 10 million Americans suffering from the most common, general anxiety disorder (Harvard, 1). Common anxiety disorders are panic attacks (panic disorder), phobias, and general anxiety disorder (GAD). Panic attacks can begin with a feeling of intense terror, followed by physical symptoms of anxiety. A panic attack is characterized by unpredictable attacks of severe anxiety with symptoms not related to any particular situation (British, 1886). The person experiencing the attack may not be aware of the cause. Symptoms include four or more of the following: pounding heart, difficulty breathing, dizziness, chest pain, shaking, sweating, choking, nausea, depersonalization, numbness, fear of dying, flushes, fear of going crazy. Heredity, metabolic factors, hyperventilation, and psychological factors may also contribute to anxiety causing panic attacks (British, 1886). Panic disorder tends to run in families with first degree relatives of patients having four to seven times greater risk than the general popu...

Participles and Perfect Verb Tenses

Participles and Perfect Verb Tenses Participles and Perfect Verb Tenses Participles and Perfect Verb Tenses By Maeve Maddox Some comments I received on the post about the forms of the irregular verb drink indicate that not everyone is clear as to how participles are used to form verb tenses that use the helping verbs has, have and had. Heres a review. Participles are verb forms, but they are incomplete. In order to function as real verbs, they must be used with helping verbs. English has two participles: the present participle and the past participle. The present participle always ends in -ing: jumping, skiing, writing, drinking, sighing, etc. The past participle usually ends in -ed, as in called, climbed, interrogated, and studied. Many verbs, however, have past participles that do not end in -ed. Some, for example, end in -en: write/wrote/(have) written bite/bit/(have) bitten take/took/(have) taken Some end in -t: mean/meant/(have) meant creep/crept/(have) crept sleep/slept/(have) slept Many irregular verbs, like drink, have distinctive past participle forms: drink/drank/(have) drunk go/went/(have) gone am-is/was/(have) been slay/slew/(have) slain Participles have numerous uses, but right now Im just looking at how they are used to form the following verb tenses: present perfect past perfect present perfect progressive past perfect progressive Present Perfect The present perfect tense is used to describe a) an action that happened at an indefinite time in the past b) an action that that began in the past and continues in the present The helping verbs used with the past participle to form the present perfect tense are has and have: The House of Windsor has ruled England since 1917. My sister has tried every kind of shampoo on the market. We have written to them numerous times without receiving an answer. Past Perfect Tense The past perfect tense is used to describe an action that took place in the past before another past action. The helping verb used with the past participle to form the past perfect is had: Before reinforcements arrived, the enemy had captured most of the men. Present Perfect Progressive The present perfect progressive describes an action that began in the past, continues in the present, and may continue into the future. The present participle is used with the helping verbs has been and have been to form the present perfect progressive: I have been thinking about going to France one more time. Charlie has been trying to make the team for two years now. We have been sitting in the park for hours. The teachers have been meeting after school to plan the new schedules. Past Perfect Progressive The past perfect progressive describes a past, ongoing action that was completed before some other past action. The present participle is used with the helping verbs had been to form the past perfect progressive: When the accident occurred, she had been talking on her cell phone. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the Future60 Synonyms for â€Å"Trip†What’s the Best Way to Refer to a Romantic Partner?

Nonverbal Communication Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Ethical Issues of Ewe v. Cloth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Analyze the Market efficiency of Dubai Stock Exchange Thesis Proposal

Analyze the Market efficiency of Dubai Stock Exchange - Thesis Proposal Example The purpose of the study is to analyse the Market efficiency of Dubai Financial Market (DFM). The thesis will be based around Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) of Fama 1970. The term market efficiency is itself derived from the concept of Fama in 1970 which was then formalized and operationalized. The efficient market hypothesis (EMH) describes an efficient market as an entity where fresh statistics or facts are instantly mirrored in the correct format and value in its current security price (Lim, 2009). However the efficiency of financial markets has always been a debatable question which has also been examined empirically by Fama in the form of information sets accessible to the market and then classified Efficient Market Hypothesis into weak-format, semi-strong format and strong-format. It has to be kept in mind that the market efficiency does not really mean that the price of the market should be equal to the market value. It means that that the over-valued stocks and under-valued stocks should be deviated with randomness without incorporation of any kind of biasedness in it. Another implication of the efficient market analysis phenomenon is that the prices of the stock should be of some random walk and all the additional price changes in the near and far future should be only for practical purposes involved and incorporated in it (Abdmoulah, 2010). As the theory of time related with market efficiency came into existence UAE started to flourish. In past 30 years, UAE has exceptionally transformed its market and the growth rates have been tremendously making UAE the most sought out market after Gulf countries. With this transformation into the economic world, UAE started structuring financial markets like Dubai Financial Market (DFM) and Abu Dhabi Securities Market (ADSM) in the year 2000. Since their establishment the ADSM has grown by an estimated 343% while DFM (Dubai Financial Market) has increased by an astonishing

Byzantine Women and Their Role in Byzantine History Essay

Byzantine Women and Their Role in Byzantine History - Essay Example The focus then becomes women and their roles in Byzantine society. Women’s challenges, power relationships, and even their daily routines are revealed in these stories of holy individual women, from all walks of life. Each of the saints is used to illustrate to a greater or lesser degree, the following aspects of Byzantine women’s lives: Marital violence Transvestite monks Travel for women Married women as saints The conclusion is then reached that the Vitae of the Holy Women of Byzantium are valuable historical tools, of interest to modern audiences because of their relevance to modern women’s rights movements. The Essay Introduction This paper explores the information to be gained from accounts of the lives of holy women in Byzantium as they are recounted in texts called vitae – the stories of these women’s lives as summarized by biographers, showing their holiness and aspects of their lives relating to their sainthood (B). The stories are used to illustrate how such accounts are highly valuable to assist the modern historian to derive some knowledge and clarity about these women and their lives and position in their society (A). While the focus will remain on the women and their role in Byzantine society, some points are also to be made about the social, economic, cultural and political conditions within Byzantine society (A). Women’s challenges, power relationships, and even their daily routines are revealed in these stories of holy individual women, from all walks of life (D). With this in mind, the essay begins with an overview of the contents of these vitae. It then explores the dynamic and relevant information revealed through these texts, in the descriptions, sometimes seemingly incidental descriptions, giving clues as to the politics and culture of the time. Especially the roles, conditions and behaviors of these women are then highlighted, and provide insight into the lives of these historical women, for comp arison with modern women, and their striving toward equity and respect in modern, western societies (C). It is concluded that the texts provided, while not completely factually accurate as they could be, do give a modern reader and researcher valuable insight into more than just the biographical details of a group of admirable and notable Holy Women in Byzantium. The Vitae and Byzantine Society Written to prove the holiness of a particular person before the recognition of a person as holy by the church, a person’s vita would illustrate why that individual had the qualities required to be what is today understood as a Saint (General Introduction, p. viii). What is convenient to the modern historian, though, is that the descriptions and comments the writers of a vita would use to illustrate the life of the potential saint, are valuable personalized and direct clues which reveal many aspects of the daily lives of people in Byzantine society. To some degree, also, historical even ts described in these texts assist to verify dates, rulers, political conditions and even the general societal and cultural attitudes of ordinary people in this society. It appears that the outward signs of religious devotion in this society often depended on the philanthropic acts of

Autism as a Learning Disability in the School System Research Paper

Autism as a Learning Disability in the School System - Research Paper Example To increase the learning experience of children with ASD in special school, it is important to maintain a small group of students in each class, provide autistic children with intensive intervention of at least 25 hours per week and 12 months per years, document each child’s learning development, and accurately identify the specific needs of the students in order for them to effectively remove the students’ learning barriers. As a life-long non-curable disease, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neural developmental disorder that is often characterized by having impaired verbal or non-verbal communication and social interaction aside from showing repetitive behavior such as the act of arranging objects in stacks or lines, continuous hand flapping or making unusual sounds, body rocking, and ritualistic behavior like eating the same food each day or performing a ritual when dressing (Geschwind, 2008; Lam & Aman, 2007). In most cases, autism is four times more prevalent among male as compared to female individuals. As reported by the Autism Society, at least 1 percent of the entire U.S. populations of children between the ages of 3 – 17 years old was diagnosed with ASD (Autism Society, 2010). As reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007), between 1 to 1.5 million Americans today are suffering from the health and learning consequences of ASD (ibid). Autism can lead to a learning disorder. Based on the report of the National Institute of Mental Health, ASD can include a number of other disorders including Asperger's disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, Rett’s disorder, Pervasive developmental disorder, and autistic disorder  

Byzantine Women and Their Role in Byzantine History Essay

Byzantine Women and Their Role in Byzantine History - Essay Example The focus then becomes women and their roles in Byzantine society. Women’s challenges, power relationships, and even their daily routines are revealed in these stories of holy individual women, from all walks of life. Each of the saints is used to illustrate to a greater or lesser degree, the following aspects of Byzantine women’s lives: Marital violence Transvestite monks Travel for women Married women as saints The conclusion is then reached that the Vitae of the Holy Women of Byzantium are valuable historical tools, of interest to modern audiences because of their relevance to modern women’s rights movements. The Essay Introduction This paper explores the information to be gained from accounts of the lives of holy women in Byzantium as they are recounted in texts called vitae – the stories of these women’s lives as summarized by biographers, showing their holiness and aspects of their lives relating to their sainthood (B). The stories are used to illustrate how such accounts are highly valuable to assist the modern historian to derive some knowledge and clarity about these women and their lives and position in their society (A). While the focus will remain on the women and their role in Byzantine society, some points are also to be made about the social, economic, cultural and political conditions within Byzantine society (A). Women’s challenges, power relationships, and even their daily routines are revealed in these stories of holy individual women, from all walks of life (D). With this in mind, the essay begins with an overview of the contents of these vitae. It then explores the dynamic and relevant information revealed through these texts, in the descriptions, sometimes seemingly incidental descriptions, giving clues as to the politics and culture of the time. Especially the roles, conditions and behaviors of these women are then highlighted, and provide insight into the lives of these historical women, for comp arison with modern women, and their striving toward equity and respect in modern, western societies (C). It is concluded that the texts provided, while not completely factually accurate as they could be, do give a modern reader and researcher valuable insight into more than just the biographical details of a group of admirable and notable Holy Women in Byzantium. The Vitae and Byzantine Society Written to prove the holiness of a particular person before the recognition of a person as holy by the church, a person’s vita would illustrate why that individual had the qualities required to be what is today understood as a Saint (General Introduction, p. viii). What is convenient to the modern historian, though, is that the descriptions and comments the writers of a vita would use to illustrate the life of the potential saint, are valuable personalized and direct clues which reveal many aspects of the daily lives of people in Byzantine society. To some degree, also, historical even ts described in these texts assist to verify dates, rulers, political conditions and even the general societal and cultural attitudes of ordinary people in this society. It appears that the outward signs of religious devotion in this society often depended on the philanthropic acts of

Applying MBTI to understand and resolve conflict Essay

Applying MBTI to understand and resolve conflict - Essay Example At the beginning of the project there were people who believed that we should have started the project then analysed it later depending on the outcome of our first trial. They proposed that if anything turned out wrong after the first trial, we could come up with ways to improve it in a second trial. There were others who wanted to brainstorm about the best way to go about the project before attempting to carry on with it. The project needed to be done in two shifts: night and day shift. Work was always being assigned randomly without due regard to the workers’ preferences, personalities and abilities. It was assumed by management that those who had lower abilities would catch up with their peers with time and had to be pushed towards greater performance and under tight supervision. The employees were not comfortable with the way duties and shifts were being assigned by the management. As a result of this many of the employees were arriving late or even completely failing to show up for work. On the other hand, others were performing their duties poorly due to lack of interest, low morale taking its toll on most workers. Instead of analyzing the situation as it was and listening to the employees, the management opted to fire some employees believing that this would be an example to other employees. The situation improved slightly owing to the fact that many employees did not want to lose their jobs. However, productivity remained low as the employees only exerted effort in the presence of their supervisors. In their absence, work was performed sluggishly unless it was going to earn the employee more cash during overtime. This presented a situation that demanded critical thinking. As the group leader I had to come up with a solution that everyone in the team was comfortable with. However, this was not a simple task especially after taking into account the fact that people had varying problems, sometimes

Accounting Analysis of Google Incorporated Essay Example for Free

Accounting Analysis of Google Incorporated Essay Google Inc. is an American multinational public corporation invested in Internet search, cloud computing, and advertising technologies. Google hosts and develops a number of Internet-based services and products, and generates profit primarily from advertising through its various marketing programs embedded in its search engine. The largest portion of Google’s revenue comes from advertising and marketing. To be more specific, Google provides third party entities with the means to display ads targeted to specific users depending on factors such as search criteria, online viewing content, and residency. The company uses a system called the cost-per-click basis, requiring the creator of the ad to pay Google when a consumer clicks on an advertisement. Google not only provides services for the common user, but also designs specific products for corporate settings, such as non-profit organizations, government, businesses and schools. Most of its online products are free to use and are supported by text ads that are displayed within the interface. This begs the question of whether Google has a sustainable business model if in the future people begin to ignore internet-based advertisements. For my report, I used two different reports to financially analyze Google Incorporated, which were the 2012 10K form filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Annual report which is posted on it’s website and sent to it’s investors. The 10K report is a document that contains a more detailed explanation of business activity. The 10K is generated annually and has the same financial statements as the annual report, but it is much more detailed and business oriented. Therefore, most of my analysis came from the 10K report. The main purpose of the 10K is to provide detailed data regarding of the nature and success of the business for potential investors. This report offers more technical detail than the average business professional would understand. Without finance or accounting experience, potential stakeholders would have a difficult time deciphering the true benefit or costs of investing in Google. Through graphs of cumulative return, in depth financial statements, and current trends and developments, Google’s 10K filing demonstrates to financial and accounting professionals whether or not if it is a company that should be invested in. While both the 10K and the annual report are detailed summaries of Google’s business activity, they each have their separate purposes and uses. Both do a great job appealing to the report’s target audience. The annual report offers an overall view for anyone potential investors regardless of background or knowledge of the stock market. The 10K provides a detailed report for the finance and accounting professionals who feel the annual report is not sufficient. My first analysis of Google begins with the Balance Sheet. The balance sheet is sometimes referred to as a financial snapshot, because it represents the business only at specific time periods. Firstly, I think that it is essential to evaluate what the business is worth. This brings up what is known as the value problem, which involves the conflicting issue between the book value and the market value. The book value of the company is simply the shareholder’s equity, which is found on the balance sheet. This is because the accounting equation, A=L+OE refers to the assets minus the claims against the assets to equal the book value of the company. However, this does not represent Google’s actual value. The market value of the company more accurately reflects the true worth of the corporation. There are two reasons for the discrepancy. Firstly, financial statements are transaction based. The transaction figures are recorded when they occurred and entered into the balance sheet. The figures are never adjusted for the time value of money so there is very little relevance. Also, depreciation does not accurately reflect the true worth of assets. Secondly, investors buy the stock for expectations of future earnings, not for the underlying value of investors. This is an important distinction, especially in a technology company like Google’s where investors rely so heavily on intangible assets, which are very difficult to assign an intrinsic value to. The market value of Google was found to be $284. 4 Billion at the end of 2012 fiscal year. The market value is calculated by multiplying shares outstanding by the price per share. This is also referred to as market capitalization. To continue, I think it is also important to see how liquid the business is. Having short-term liquidity will aid the company to meet its short-term obligations when the business is in financial distress. We can use the current ratio, or the quick ratio to measure this. The current ratio includes all current assets divided by all current liabilities. The quick ratio, or acid test, is the more conservative approach because it excludes inventory due to its low resale value. However in this case, it turns out that the two ratios are the same because Google does not carry any inventory. By avoiding the use of inventory, Google is able to save substantial carrying costs, such as storage in warehouse and shipping. The quick ratio turns out to be 10. 0, which is extremely liquid. Generally a ratio above 2. 0 is considered positive. However, generally the ratio only has meaning when compared to others in its industry. In this case, Google would have to be compared with Microsoft and it’s most direct competitor, Yahoo Incorporated. Next, I analyzed how much working capital Google has. Working capital is used to measure both a company’s efficiency and its financial health. Potential suppliers and creditors may choose to examine Google’s ability to meet its current obligations in order to determine the risk associated with having business relations with the company. Working capital is calculated by subtracting current liabilities from current assets. Google’s working capital is found to be $49. 56 Billion. Although, by itself this figure is insignificant. We can conclude that the large working capital signifies that Google is not in danger of having trouble paying off current liabilities. For further meaning to the working capital figure, I compared it to previous years. This is because working capital provides insight into how efficient the operations are. If money is tied up in inventory or accounts receivable, the company lacks liquidity to pay off its obligations. However, I think that it also can indicate that a company is not operating efficiently. This suggests further analysis into the collection of the company’s current assets or accounts receivable. In fact, its accounts receivable don’t show a great picture with 35. 96 days worth of outstanding sales. This verifies my previous hypothesis that revenues are not being collected in an efficient manner. However, I think it should be noted that Google is a large firm and the processes and controls tat are in place for account receivables may take longer.

Succinate Dehydrogenase Enzyme In Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Biology Essay

Succinate Dehydrogenase Enzyme In Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Biology Essay Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is an enzyme found in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which makes it an easy target to isolate when studying the citric acid cycle. This enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the oxidation of succinate into fumarate and can be used as a marker enzyme during the isolation of mitochondria through differential centrifugation. The isolated mitochondria can be treated with a sodium azide reagent to inhibit the mitochondrion transport of electron in the cell extract. To measure the activity of the enzyme, an artificial electron acceptor (2, 6-dichlorophenolindphenol, DCIP) is used to accept two electrons. Upon receiving electrons, the oxidized DCIP is reduced and the color of the mixture changes from blue to colorless. Spectrophotometry at the 600nm range can then be used to quantify this color change, and give an indication of the mitochondrial content of a given sample. As the The findings show that the experiment mimics Michaelis-Menten kinetic properties Enzymes are regulators of metabolic pathways that lower the activation energy in order to catalyze the acceleration of biochemical reactions [1]. Most enzymes are characterized as showing Michaelis-Menten (M-M) kinetic properties. Simply, enzymes work by binding its substrate reversibly changing its conformation to form an enzyme-substrate complex, and then detach to form free enzyme and product. If there is low substrate concentration, there will be very little enzyme activity and the rate of the reaction will slow down. If there is high substrate concentration, the enzyme will be more active and the reaction will be faster. At a certain point, if the substrate concentration is saturated, the rate of the reaction will not increase [1]. Along with the substrate concentration, these dynamics can be characterized as the M-M constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax). These factors determine the initial velocity of the biochemical reaction and contribute to the understanding of the M-M e quation (in fig.1) However, when a competitive inhibitor is present, the inhibitor can bind to the active site to prevent the normal substrate from binding and forming the product. Thus, both the inhibitor and substrate compete for the active site of the enzyme, which based on the M-M equation, allows the Vmax to stays constant and the Km to change [2]. In the experiment, we will examine activity of SDH, an important component of the citric acid cycle that is responsible for catalyzing the oxidation of succinate to fumarate in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. The enzymatic activity will be determined by mitochondria fractionation from isolated cells of cauliflower by the technique of differential centrifugation. Also, we will determine the effects of enzyme concentration and competitive inhibition on the initial velocity of the reaction by adding the malonate, a classic competitive inhibitor. We will measure the reaction by blocking the electron transport with sodium azide and monitoring the reduction of the DCIP that can be followed by the change in spectrophotometry absorbance reading at 600 nm over time Since the oxidized form of the dye is blue and the reduced form is colorless, the reaction can be reestablished based on the experiment (in fig.2),. Thus, we hypothesize that the reaction will follow M-M kinetics as the abs orbance will decrease when the malonate is added Methods In isolating mitochondria, we removed with a scalpel 20 g of cauliflower from the outer 2-3 mm surface. Then, we grinded the tissue with a pestle in a chilled mortar in 40 ml of ice-cold mannitol grinding buffer for 4 min. We filtered the suspension and squeeze the solution out through four layers of cheesecloth into three chilled 15 ml centrifuge tube. Then, we centrifuged the filtrate solution at 1000 x gravity for 10 min and decanted the supernatant into a chilled 50 ml centrifuge tube. After, we re-spun the filtrate solution at 10,000 x gravity for 30 min at 0-4 °C and discarded the supernatant in the sink leaving the pellet. Then, we added 7.0 ml of icecold mannitol assay buffer to the mitochondrial pellet and scraped and mixed the mitochondrial pellet from the wall of the centrifuge tube with a spatula and vortex thoroughly to re-suspend the pellet in the assay buffer. Until needed, we transferred the mitochondrial suspension to a test tube and stored it in an ice bath. In measuring the activity of SDH, we label 10 test tubes or cuvettes as shown in table 1. We heated 0.6 ml of the ice cold mitochondria suspension in a boiling water for 5 min and placed it in an ice bath to cool. Then, we added correct volumes of azide, DCIP, malonate, and succinate to all labeled test tubes indicated in the table, covered them with Parafilm and inverted to blend the solutions. After, we add specific volume of the mitochondrial suspension to blanks 1-4 and tubes 1-4. Using a spectrophotometer set at 600nm, we blanked and took the absorbance of tubes 1-4 every two minutes until 20 minutes after the first reading. Then, we repeated again by taking the absorbance using only test tubes 5-7 for every two minutes. Results The spectrophotometer results we obtained are presented in Table 2, and shown graphically in Figure 3-7. In Table 2, the first 4 test tubes and blanks we were only able to take 3 readings and the test tubes 5-7, we were able to take 4 readings. The greatest absorbance reading was obtained for test tube 4 at 2.363 abs., which is because malonate, the competitor inhibitor, is present along with the substrate, succinate. In Tube 6, one of the lowest absorbance readings because it is a negative control and does not have any cellular suspension. This is shown experimentally when the reaction mixture will remain the color blue because with the succinate there is no reaction between the marker enzyme and the DCIP. In Table 3, we calculated the change in absorbance from tube 1-4 for every 2 minutes. We also calculated the initial velocity by dividing the change in absorbance by the elapsed time. In Figure 3, the graph shows the initial velocity depends on the enzyme concentration. When the e nzyme concentration is high, it start to rapidly decrease the initial velocity because the ratio of substrate to enzyme will be abnormally low, which will decrease the formation of product. In Figure 4, the graph represent the data in Table 2, where the initial velocity measured by elapsed time. The second highest reading was found for Tube 2 (0.987), which was also in concordance with the class results. This sample contained the heaviest constituents of the cell (mostly nuclei), as well as any unbroken whole cells that may have remained after the mechanical grinding and initial centrifugation at 600x. We found Tube 8 to have the third highest absorbance reading (0.626) and Tube 4 with the lowest (0.483). However, the sample from Tube 8 should have had a lower absorbance value than Tube 4, as was seen in the average class results displayed in Table 1. Tube 8 should contain the majority of the mitochondria (as well as some lysosomes), and Tube 4 should have any residual mitochondria and smaller organelles that did not remain in the pellet after the 12,000x centrifugation. Discussion There are a number of reasons why our findings did not match up with the expected results. Although improbable, it is possible that the 12,000x centrifugation for 30 minutes was not properly carried out, perhaps because the samples were not maintained at a consistent temperature of 0-40C. It is more likely that the re-suspension of the pellet (Tube C) with the mannitol assay buffer was not performed effectively. The pellet clumps may not have been properly dispersed, and so even though more mitochondria may have been present in Tube 8 (as they should have been), they were not free to interact with the other reagents in solution. A third reason may be that too much DCIP was added to Tube 8 (relative to Tube 4), and so there was an excess of the blue DCIP reagent in that sample (and hence a higher absorbance reading due to a lower degree of color loss). Differential centrifugation, when done correctly, is a reasonably effective method for mitochondrial isolation, although separation is achieved based only on size differences of the cell components. When dealing with small organelles, a more appropriate method to use may be sucrose gradient centrifugation, which allows for separation based on size as well as shape, especially when dealing with crude cellular extracts such as cauliflower. Cited Resources Nelson, D.L., Cox, M.M. (2007) Lehninger: Principles of Biochemistry, Fifth Edition, Freeman, New York, NY Gilbert, H.F. (2000) Basic Concepts in Biochemistry, Second Edition, McGraw Hill, New York, NY Figure 1 Figure 2 SDH-FADH2 + DCIP(blue) > SDH-FAD + DCIP (colorless) + 2H+ Table 1 Cuvette Assay Medium Azide DCIP Malonate Succinate Mitochondrial Suspension Blank 1 3.7 mL 0.5 mL - 0.5 mL 0.3 mL 1 3.2 mL 0.5 mL 0.5 mL - 0.5 mL 0.3 mL Blank 2 3.1 mL 0.5 mL - - 0.5 mL 0.9 mL 2 2.6 mL 0.5 mL 0.5 mL - 0.5 mL 0.9 mL Blank 3 3.4 mL 0.5 mL - 0.5 mL 0.6 mL 3 2.9 mL 0.5 mL 0.5 mL 0.5 mL 0.6 mL 4 2.7 mL 0.5 mL 0.5 mL 0.2 mL 0.5 mL 0.6 mL 5 3.4 mL - 0.5 mL 0.5 mL 0.6 mL 6 3.4 mL 0.5 mL 0.5 mL 0.6 mL 7 2.9 mL 0.5 mL 0.5 mL 0.5 mL 0.6 mL Table 2 Trial 1 Trail 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Blank 1 0.04 0.003 0.006 0.008 1 1.10 1.16 1.158 1.112 Blank 2 0.03 0.001 0.004 0.003 2 0.64 0.644 0.648 0.645 Blank 3 0.06 0.002 0.008 0.005 3 0.56 0.06 0.670 0.682 4 2.36 1.85 2.221 2.223 5 0.83 0.73 0.723 0.720 6 0.76 0.73 0.734 0.725 7 0.78 0.72 0.704 0.705 Table 3 Time (min:sec) Tubes 1-4 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Abs (nm) Initial Velocity (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Abs/min) Time (min:sec) Tubes 5-7 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Abs (nm) Initial Velocity (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Abs/min) 11:10 -.5505 -.0500 9:10 .1057 .0117 13:10 -.0008 -.00062 11:10 .032 .0029 15:10 .4989 .03326 13:10 .0617 .0047 17:10 .5062 .0298 15:10 .1161 .00774 19:10 -.0533 -.0028 17:10 .0338 .00199 21:20 -.0043 -.0002 19:10 .0784 .0041 23:10 -.1095 -.0048 21:10 .1195 .0057 25:10 .142 .00568 23:10 .0428 .0019 - 25:10 .0781 .0031 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7

John Hale from the Crucible Essay -- Essay on The Crucible

John Hale, from the Crucible Dynamic, Reverend John Hale needs only this one word to describe him. That is what separates Hale from any other character in the Crucible, while most characters are entirely static, with the exception of Elizabeth. That is why I consider him to be the best, and most flushed out character in the Crucible. In this report I will describe and analyze the character of John Hale and try show why his is the best character in the Crucible. In the first paragraph I will analyze the character of John Hale and describe what just makes him so dynamic. At the beginning of act one we only hear about John Hale and can only make judgment upon what is said about him. From that information given we can draw some conclusions about John Hale. First of all he is a just man, which never changes throughout the entire story. We can also tell that he is a self-taught â€Å"expert† on witches, and believes that anyone can fall under the control of Satan. It is a quote from John Hale in the Crucible that explains this â€Å"until an hour before the devil fell, God thought him beautiful in heaven†(858 Miller). Now I will look later into the story and look into how Hale is slowly changing. Towards the end of the first act we finally get to see (or read) John Hale. Because of this there is some direct and indirect characterization by the author. We also get a look at Mr. Hales motives because of this. â€Å"Coming into Salem now, Reverend Hale conceives of himself much as a young doctor o...

Children in Society Essay

As children grow up, they are influenced more and more by the sphere outside their homes, and by their friends, parent’s friends, teachers, and people they meet and interact with in the outside world. Hence this essay shall be focussing onhow family influences children and young people, and the effect of parental and family influences on the personality development of children and young people. Furthermore, current social and equal opportunity issues which may influence the development of children in a multi-cultural society in Great Britain will be explored. The roles and responsibilities of Social Services, Health Care Trust, Private Sector, and Child Care Agencies as multi-disciplinary and interagency working together will be analysed. Lastly, this essay will reflect on my personal experiences in my work placement, in relation to diversity; and confidentiality will be maintained all through the learning outcomes. ‘Family’ can be defined differently as there is no typical family model across society (Lamanna et al, 2006). However, United Nations (1948) stated that ‘the family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the state’. As family patterns change over time, Crawford (1999) asserted thatsociety’s definition of ‘family’ is rapidly expanding and has come to include single parents, biracial couples, blended families, unrelated individuals living cooperatively, and homosexual couples, and so forth. For instance, the Nuer ‘ghost’ marriage in Sudan is different from what is considered as typical family setting in the west as described by Maybin and Woodhead, whichstated that a dead husband continued to be the father of the children born to other lovers by the widow (Maybin and Woodhead 2007). This form of family emphasizes the social connection between children and parent rather than biological ones.McDaniel et al (2005) has a different view about what a family is‘We define family as any group of people related biologically, emotionally, or legally’.From a West African cultural point of view, a family consists of the father, mother, children and extended relatives, which are referred to as the nuclear family (Widmer and Jallinoja 2008). People who live together in the village setting may not have a biological connectionor emotional links but are regarded as a family, as long as they co-exist in the same geographical location. From all these view points, children and young people’s lives are modelled, influenced and dependent upon which family structure they find themselves. Maybin and Woodhead (2007) argued that there is no such thing as a‘universal’ family, just as there is no such thing as an ideal family. According to Piaget as cited by Shaffer and Kipp (2010)children and young people learn from their parents, and they are influenced by family structure and culture, including their genetic makeup, which influences their personality. For instance,introverted, outgoing, clever, sporty, or anxiety might be a copied trait from parents (Sue, 2006). Stark and Buzawa (2009) stated that the family is a child’s first role model: not only do they set examples for children and guide them in how to make good choices, sometimes they end up sending the wrong signals to children and young people. For instance, checking the records of a child from a lone parent who was showing antisocial behaviour at work placement, suggested that the reason why the child has been violent towards other children in the Nursery was because he had witnessed a violent relationship between his parents. Conversely,Chief Judge Judith Kaye as cited by Wilson (2005) argued that â€Å"Exposing a child to domestic violence is not presumptively neglectful†. Not every child exposed to domestic violence is at risk of being violent in many instances.Yet this is an influence that may influence children and young people(Wilson (2005). However, Munger (2008) stated that a lot of researchers have suggested that parents don’t actually have much influence on their children’s behaviour. Munger (2008)further stated that some studies have suggested that mothers have an unbalanced influence on children, and that an authoritative parenting style leads to the best results. The effects of family stru cture on children may be dependent on the gender of the child as described by Hastings (2005) which stated that girls tend to be more helpful, sympathetic, and passionate, while boys are more friendly, engaged, and assertive without being aggressive. All these behaviours are natural traits found in children irrespective of their background (Hastings 2005). Nevertheless, from my work experience, children from violent homes have exhibited some form of aggression towards their peers irrespective of gender. Hence Hastings (2005) opinion on narrowing children behavioural influence to gender may be arguable, in that boys from my work placement experience display more antisocial behaviour than girls. The impact of social influences and diversity can have a huge effect on children and young people, especially those living in social housing, being in a lone parent family and those from the ethnic minority group (Shaw, 2010). For some children, the risk of poverty is a greater influence as a result of their circumstances. Maybin and Woodhead, (2007) asserted that the greatest risk of poverty is for those children and young people who live in a family where no one is in work. For instance, placement observations suggested that children from affluent background tend to attend the best schools than those that are not; hence aspirations from that parent are higher, which in turn affects school performance. Furthermore, indirect discrimination from top academic institutions such as Oxford University is a typical example of social exclusion at the entry stage (Stewart et al,2005).The impact is that choices are limited, which may well affect future job opportunities(Tomlinson, 2009). Within large families, the rate of joblessness in large families is higher than for parents in smaller families. This is largely due to a lack of affordable childcare (Lupton and Tunstall, 2008). As a result of this, children may be excluded from early education where by affecting their life choices. For instance, work records suggested that large families can often struggle to meet the costs of school uniform and equipment, and are also at particular at risk of going into debt. Work records also suggested that young people aged over 16 who do not get family support are much more likely to be poor and as adults to remain dependent on benefits or low paid work. Wilson(2011) stated thatyoung people receive less stable benefit and have a lower minimum wage than older adults, and young people, who receive less income support, are ineligible for tax credits, and are restricted to a lower level of housing benefit making them vulnerable to poverty as young adults (Lupton and Tunstall, 2008). There is a shortage of affordable housing due to high rents in the private sector and a lack of investment in maintaining a good standard of social housing (Shaw, 2004). For instance, children’s information in my work placement suggested that, children who live in bad housing are more likely to suffer from poor health and to suffer from disability or long term illness (Shaw, 2004).Additionally, Power et al, (2011) identified that Social Worker had warned the government on the re-housing of paedophiles in East London estates. The effect of this is that, parents tend not to allow their children to play outside, which could affect peer interaction and create further damage to community cohesion. Statistics in Britain show that children living in poor housing often have poor educational attainment (Hills et al, 2009). They are more likely to have been excluded from school and to leave school with no GCSEs. For instance, Placement data shows that children from poor housing estates, who visit our setting regularly, are often without GCSEs. However, my work settings has adopted a ‘mentoring’ strategy to motivate young people in this category to believe in themselves, and monitoring of this approach has helped a number of young people to resume attending school. The safety and welfare of children is the responsibility of the local authority, working in partnership with other public organisations, the voluntary sector, and service users and carers (Department of Health, 2006). All local authority ser vices have an impact on the lives of children and families, and local authorities have a particular responsibility towards those children and families most at risk of social exclusion. For instance, Greenwich Local Labour and Business (GLLaB) in collaboration with my work placement, liaise to support young unemployed young residents with voluntary work placements to help them gain practical work experience, qualification and training in a range of settings. These local authorities also have responsibility for safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children who are excluded from school, or who have not obtained a school place, for example children in Pupil Referral Units or being educated by the authority’s home tutor service.As a result of (GLLaB) participation in helping young people, a lot of young people from the Greenwich Borough have been employed at the Olympic site inStrafford(Brown, 2006). However, Greenwich Local Labour and Business (GLLaB, 2011) In addition to advice, helps lone parents to access childcare, give information about benefits and tax credits and render support with job searches, CVs and interview techniques to promote opportunity in the borough. Where possible, they also organise paid work experience placements, including a range of training opportunities. Yet, some lone parents often feel isolated and lack confidence. Placement experience shows that they may also experience poor physical and mental health issues and be socially excluded. More needs to be done to help lone parents to overcome the psychological barriers that prevent them from getting back into work. According to Power et al, (2011) the school play active part in bringing families and children from different ethnic and cultural back-ground together, including helping children from disadvantaged background to learn. Power et al (2011) also mentioned that parents of children with special educational needs were positive about how their children’s need has been responded to by the schools, including autism, dyslexia and behaviour issues. For instance, my work placement wasable to support and help a young autistic child from the ethnic minority group who was going through exclusion because there was no trained Special Education Need Coordinator (SENCO) in the nursery.M embers of staff were not able to provide proper care for the child as he was stereotyped as aggressive, and was not interacting with other children. In order to help the child, the nursery had to train a staff member in the area of special need; this approach eventually supported the child andincluded the involvement of other professionals like the Speech and Language Therapist. The child now communicates better than before and is gradually coming out of language delay. Class room experience on this course has demonstrated student integration, as we have a diverse student, ranging from black, white and Asians. Class tutors have been able to peer us together during class work and assignments and different ideas from the group have increased my awareness of how diversity can harness experiences from different back grounds and culture which helps to stimulate learning. According to Halpern (2005) which stated that language difficulties from children and young people that do not have English as their first language could be frustrating from the teacher-learner point of view. I have encountered a situation in the work placement where child â€Å"B†(as he will be addressed in this analysis for data protection reason) was not able to communicate because he is from Africa, he did not play and interact with other children as everything he saw in the nursery seemed strange to him. As a result of his situation, he was losing out of daily task and activities, which in turn affected his mental, spiritual and physical development. To support the child, the nursery had to include a one-on-one teaching in to his care plan, and adopted the visual form of teaching by using pictorial reinforcement to support his learning. Child â€Å"B† is now able to communicate because teachers and care givers did not discriminate and neglect him. The child’s parents also benefited from the nursery’s’ holistic approach to supporting them to enrol for (Esol) so that they can learn and carry on speaking in English to the child at home, although they w ere not discouraged from speaking their original language. The Community Cohesion Programme is an activity my work placement organizes on annual basis to create an awareness of our diverse community, in order to encourage integration, respect and to showour diverse community. Before the event, young people were asked to make a drawing of their country flags andmake a list of food and clothing. During the programme, young people were encouraged to dress in their own native attires, and it also includedperforming cultural dances, and a display of their native foods. Consequent to this, work place records have suggested a reduction of post-code, gang related problems, as young people living in that part of south East London are nowfriendlier. This is in support of the government initiatives in building the ‘big society’ that could accommodate all, irrespective of race, ethnicity, gender and creed (Cabinet office, 2010). In conclusion, this essay has addressed parental and family influences on the personality development of children and young people. Current social and equal opportunity issues, which may influence the development of children in a multi-cultural society in Great Britain has been addressed. The roles and responsibilities of Social Services, Health Care Trust, and Private Sector, Child Care Agencies as multi-disciplinary and interagency working together has been analysed. Reflection upon personal learning in work placement in terms of promoting diversity and equality has been examined. I have also disagreed with some theories that asserted that sex gender did not have an impact in influencing the attitudes of children and young people. Therefore, organisations, schools and institutions should do more in promoting equality and diversity in order to enjoy the benefit of shared ideas, experiences and foster community cohesion in our modern day Britain. As a professional, stereotyping children and young people based on their ethnicity, gender and culture will be discouraged by reinforcing and promoting equality, diversity and fairness at school among children, young people and colleagues. Reference List Ajegbo, K. Kiwan, D & Sharma, S (2007) Diversity and Curriculum Review, DfES, London. Anisman-Reiner, V.(2007)Adult Children of Divorce: Children Who Are Over 18 When Parents Separate Are Equally Affected. (Online) Available at: http://victoria-anisman-reiner.suite101.com/adult-children-of-divorce-a19930. (Accessed: 01February 2012). Brown, K (2006) Exploring the evidence base for Integrated Children’s Services.Edinburgh. Sage Publications. Buonfino, A. Thomson, L (2007) Belonging in Contemporary Britain, Commission on Integration and Cohesion, London. Cabinet Office (2010) Building the Big Society. (Online) Available at: http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/media/building-big-society.pdf. (Accessed: 08 March 2012). Crawford, J.M. (1999)‘Co-parent adoptions by same-sex couples: From loophole to law. Families in Society’: The Journal of Contemporary Human Services, 80, 271-278. Davis,R, Vasagar J, Meltzer T. (2011) Oxford University diversity row: ‘Grades aren’t enough’. The Guardian. [Online] Available at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2011/apr/12/oxford-university-diversity-row-students. (Assessed: 24 March 2012). Department of Health (2005) Improving emergency care in England. [Online] Available at:http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/AnnualReports/Browsable/DH_5342101. (Assessed: 10 February 2012). Department of Health (2006)Working Together to Safeguard Children: A Guide to Inter-agency Working to Safeguard and Promote the Welfare of Children. London. The Stationary Office. Hastings P. (2005)Parents’ influence on kids’ behaviour: Not much. Available at:http://scienceblogs.com/cognitivedaily/2008/05/parents_influence_on_kids_beha.php. (Accessed: 10 March 2012). Halpern, D. (2005)Social Capital. Cambridge. Policy Press. Hills, J, Sefton Stewart K. (2009) Towards a More Equal Society? Poverty, inequality. Bristol. The Policy Press. Lamanna, M, A. Riedmann, A, C. Riedmann, A. (2006)Marriages and Families. Belmont. Thomson. Levinson, W, Kao A, Kuby A, Thisted R.(2005) ‘Not All Patients Want to Participate in Decision Making’. Journal of General Internal Medicine. Volume 20, issue 6, pages 531-535. Lupton, R, Tunstall R, (2008) ‘Neighbourhood Regeneration through Mixed Communities: A Social Justice Dilemma’. Journal of Education Policy. Vol. 23, no2.pp105- 117. Maybin, J. and Woodhead, M (2007)Childhoods in Context. Milton Keynes. John Willey and Sons Ltd. McDaniel, S.H, Cambell, T. L, Hepworth, J, & Lorenz, A. (2005). Family-oriented primary care

The Equal Rights Amendment

The Equal Rights Amendment was a proposal written in 1921 by Alice Paul, who was the founder of the National Woman’s Party. It was designed mainly to invalidate many state and federal laws that she felt discriminated against women; its central underlying principle was that sex should not determine the legal rights of American men or women. This proposed amendment to the U. S. Constitution stated that â€Å"Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex† and also that â€Å"the Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. The amendment was first introduced to Congress in 1923, soon after women in the United States had been given the right to vote. The U. S. Senate finally approved it 49 years later, in March 1972. It was then submitted to the state legislatures for ratification within seven years but, despite a deadline extension to June 1982, was not ratified by the required majority votes from 38 states. It would have become the 27th Amendment to the Constitution. Even though the ERA gained ratification of 30 states within one year of its approval by the Senate, escalating intense opposition from conservative religious and political organizations brought the ratification to a standstill. The main objections to the ERA were based on fears that women would lose privileges and protections such as exemption from compulsory military service and combat duty and economic support from husbands for themselves and their children. Among the opponents to the ERA, was a woman by the name of Phyllis Schlafly, a St. Louisan known for her opposition to the women’s liberation movement. She earned a law degree from Washington University and earned a master’s degree in political science from Harvard University. She worked as a researcher for several Congressmen in Washington, D. C. , and ran unsuccessfully for Congress herself in 1952 and 1970. She was largely opposed to the ERA as she believed that the amendment would require women to serve in combat, and because it would also take away legal rights of wives and would negatively influence family life. Schlafly also argued that the amendment would lead to unisex restrooms and the depravation of rights for women to not take a job, to keep her baby, and to be supported by her husband. She became a leading opponent of the ERA through her lobbying organizations such as Stop ERA and Eagle Forum, and by testifying against the ERA before 30 state legislatures. Advocates of the ERA, led primarily by the National Organization for Women (NOW), held that the issue was primarily economic. The position of NOW was that many state and federal laws amounted to sexual discrimination which perpetuated a climate of economic dependence among women and that laws determining child support and job opportunities should be designed for the individual rather than for one sex. Many advocates of the ERA thought that the failure to adopt the proposal as an amendment would cause women to lose many gains and would give a negative attitude to courts and legislators regarding feminist issues. Alice Paul, who I mentioned earlier as a proponent for the ERA, was a national leader of women’s suffrage movement, and founded National Woman’s Party. Public and equal justice for women was the basic entirety of her political goal. She was also involved with the militant wing of the English suffrage movement. She founded what was later to become the National Woman’s Party, which incorporated methods that originated in England to the struggle to pass the suffrage amendment. During WWI, she picketed the White House to protest against a government that she said, promised to make the world safe for democracy while denying half of its citizens the right to vote. Alice and others who were involved in this protest were arrested and imprisoned. She was very proud of the success of her efforts in getting the Nineteenth Amendment ratified in 1920, granting women the right to vote. But for her the ability to vote was not enough to guarantee women’s equal rights and she decided to concentrate her efforts for the ERA. Introduced in 1923, the Equal Rights Amendment finally passed Congress in 1972 but there it stopped as it failed to win ratification. Although it failed to become ratified by congress, currently since 1985 the ERA has been reintroduced into each session of Congress and held in Committee.

Different Manifestation Gifts

There seems to be a distinct difference between the manifestation gifts (1 Corinthians), the redemptive gifts (Romans 12- prophet, servant, teacher, exhorter, giver, ruler, & mercy), and the ministry gifts in which we walk out our other gifts (Ephesians 4). The redemptive gifts are possibly received at conception, rather than salvation. (It is one of God’s mysteries as to when we truly receive a redemptive gift. The Bible does not make clear the exact timing. See Jeremiah 1:5 for indication of initial gifting. The gifts tend to shape our personality and the way we may then receive one or more of the manifestation gifts. A redemptive gift is the grace of God woven into who we are; that by His Spirit we are made right with God and able to honour Him with whom He has made us to be. There are certain common behavioural characteristics that are used to help determine the redemptive gifts (Primary and Secondary) of an individual. Although certain traits such as compassion may come e asily for some gifts, we are cautioned not to use our gift as an excuse for not growing.We are all called to walk out the fruit of the Spirit whether it comes naturally or not. The redemptive gift teaching developed a connection with the many lists of 7’s in the Bible  (7 things Christ said on the cross, 7 days of creation, and 7 pieces of furniture in the tabernacle). Also, the redemptive gifts also fit cities/churches/states/institutions. The state of Minnesota is redemptive gift of giver (lakes/birthing). USA as a whole is prophet (creativity/design/comes first in culture). The cities of Princeton/Zimmerman/Elk River, I believe are Teacher/Servant/Giver.Any business or church also has a main redemptive gift. Once this is clear, the destiny will be made much more clear. Here is a Diagram of the Three Types of Gifts: 1: Prophet Behavioural Characteristics: -Sees things in black & white -Simplistic worldview – must make sense of everything -Able to assess situations quickly and discern whether good or bad -Takes initiative, likes new things -Goes against the status quo -Does not maintain well running organization – will quit, improve it, or change it -Always has an opinion and is willing to express it Judges others compulsively -Bold, knows no fear – Not intimidated by the unknown -Extraordinarily generous – impulsive/unwise -Shifts gears quickly – large range of emotion -Visionary – need to know where they are going – Fiercely competitive – Gives full disclosure – exposes weakness, compulsion for honesty & integrity – Very hard on self – Out of sight out of mind – Passion for excellence Principle: Design Design is the art of weaving principles together in order to produce change. Principle can be defined as a universal non-optional cause and effect relationship.The principle of design is foundational to all the other principles. God has called the prophet to study pri nciples (to look at problems and opportunities) and assemble them into sets that produce results. Birth right/Blessing: The passion of the Prophet is to once again have the opportunity to take themselves and others to the outer limits of excellence with God. Showing the picture of God so dynamic and real that it moves people out of the comfort they are experiencing and into a journey that will bring them to fulfilment of what God created them to be. 3 Types of Principles of Design for Prophet to Study:Man to Matter Man to Man (Most Overlooked and Weakest Area Human Relationships) Man to the Spirit Realm ——————————————————- 2: Servant Behavioural Characteristics: – Sees needs and meets them – often external or environmental needs – Very few enemies – considered to be a safe person – Inability to accept excellence in work, to affirm self, or receive affirmation from others – Extends honour to others – Sees potential/best in others – Has a fierce anger that seldom occurs but usually revolves around loyalty – Save stuff though not always organized about it If immature can become an enabler – mature servant learns to empower – Attracts dishonour, especially in home, and usually does not resist – Very competitive in games or sports – May tend to make excuses for children – Purity of motives – like no other gift; never counting up what’s owed – Integrity/honesty/simplicity – Joyful – Obedience comes easily – Tends toward victimization/exploitation by others – Difficulty saying no – has a strong desire to please others Principle: Authority God gives more spiritual authority to Servants than other gifts because they don’t want it they are not infected with the empire-building germ like t he other gifts – The servant’s prayers for leaders carry more weight than other gifts – Highest level of authority over the Death Spirit in Spiritual warfare (in a premature demonic attack) because God trusts the Servant to do only what He has asked them to do – Authority over land (restoration of ecology) Birthright/Blessing: The servant walks in holiness in their own life. They are willing to embrace a high calling of holiness and bring a sense of purity and cleanliness.When the servant hears truth spoken it resonates deeply. The servant has the tenacity to reach out to the wounded and hurting (not limited to, but especially in family situations). The servant is able to be the ultimate life-giver, finding fulfillment in being a life-giver to allow others to do their work; they provide cleansing and authority to others. There is a deep desire to empower others to achieve their best. Joseph, Jesus’ father was an example of absolute obedience. He di d what God asked of him regarding Mary and Jesus every time. God used him to protect them. Joseph had life giving obedience and was highly trusted. ___________________________________________________________ 3: Teacher Behavioural Characteristics: -Need to validate truth – Doesn’t receive or reject new ideas or people right away – Safe person emotionally – can listen to brokenness and sin and not be rejecting – Makes new decisions slowly – Deep family loyalty – Tend to be poor at returning borrowed items – Difficult time returning phone calls – Typically late – Difficulty handling money -Usually resists using human illustrations – Unwillingness to begin a process until they can see the end of the process – Tends to be a fearful person Great sense of humor – Usually the last to speak in a group – Tend not to overreact or jump the gun – A very patient person, slow tempered – Likes to save things Principle: Responsibility The teacher is to walk in responsibility in every area of their life. Their highest responsibility is to worship God. They must make worship a lifestyle, that they would anticipate and enjoy being with God. If the teacher is carnal they will be selectively responsible and unwilling to impose responsibility on others. The teacher would rather work hard at persuading people to change rather than confront.Birth right/Blessing: Intimacy The teacher must know who they are as they incrementally walk out God’s will and then reveal the manifest presence of God to the rest of the body of Christ. The Lord wants to be present in the life of the teacher having them experience and celebrate Him. ———————————————————— 4: Exhorter Behavioural Characteristics: – Party looking for a place to happen â⠂¬â€œ Instant rapport with strangers – Highly relational – Has ability to understand and relate well to others – Able to move easily from small talk to sharing the gospel Able to maintain relationship although may solidly disagree with other party – Can have loud argument without alienation of other person – Master communicator – Flexible – able to abandon a plan easily – Visionary – Seeks the approval of others – Dramatic and often melodramatic – Natural leader – High energy person – Obsessive compulsive verbal expressive – Loves change – Governs by persuasion rather than principle Principle: Sowing & Reaping The exhorter must embrace pain and suffering. The most difficult area for the exhorter is to suffer rejection. They must confront sin and be willing to face rejection from within the community.They must incarnate truth and earned authority through pain and suffering. The ex horter is able to be a world changer for Christ when they embrace the principle. Birth right/Blessing: Know God personally and experientially (Gideon), take time away from people to know God and have His authority. The body of Christ is dependent upon the exhorter becoming all God created them to be; God has called the exhorter to be a world changer! _________________________________________________________ 5: Giver Behavioural Characteristics: – Most diverse/adaptable/flexible of all gifts – Very independent Designed not to be needy – does not look to others for help – Can look at a problem and find own solution – Can’t be hustled – must accrue money before can give – Able to relate to wide range of people – Sensitive to manipulation of other’s toward spouse or family – Private in own life – protective of reputation of self, spouse, and family – Delegates spiritual warfare – Non-confro ntational by nature – wait for opportunity to get best out of situation, won’t knock down hurdles – Immense heart for evangelism but does everything just short of sharing the gospel overtly – Nurturer to family – facilitate family environment Intuitive – Concerned about safety, cautious – Is without shame – does not have shameful view of self – Can be very impulsive – Insightful – Not a big risk-taker – Good listener Principle: Stewardship God doesn’t want 10% of the giver’s finance/assets – not of the abundance or extra that they have; God wants all of it to establish relationship and to accrue generational blessing to pass on to others. Money is not the issue; it’s about their relationship with God. Example in Job 31:16: Job has an incredible relationship with God, is a steward of his money and assets.He walked in high justice, holiness and ethical behaviour in all that he did. Birth right/Blessing: The blessing for the giver is a generational anointing: The giver has the authority to release a generational blessing into their family line and community and be a life-giver through blessing (not just money). The giver is to have a generational worldview– think long term. Abraham received authority from God and passed it on. He changed the world and was considered a friend of God. Blessings come in the context of being dependent and in relationship with God. ___________________________________________________________ 6: Ruler Behavioural Characteristics: – Great under pressure- thrive with it, and expects others to be effective under it as well – Empire builders – designed to look at things and want to make them bigger – Own their problems and do not have a welfare mentality – Skilled at time management – Not into details – Immature ruler may allow for casual ethics where the end may justify the means – Big on loyalty – more important than competence of co-workers – Don’t like to be micro-managed Not in to blame – will figure out how to fix a problem and move on – Implementer – Take vision, break it down into pieces, and implement it – Nearly impossible to get ruler to partner with others unless loyalty is built – Great at using imperfect people – draws the best out of people – Tendency to be task oriented and omit nurture – Expert in dealing with people and projects – Will not choose to place self on a team unless they are wanted/have the loyalty of others – Innate ability to measure character – Able to stand alone on an issue of principle or integrity Principle: FreedomThe ruler is to go from bondage to obedience to freedom. The difference between the three is the amount of willpower. Rulers have the tendency to be focused on task and do what’s required and not walk in freedom. They must walk in spiritual freedom. Like the giver, they are good at making things happen in the natural but God wants dependence upon Him. The ruler is to be first of all righteous. Birth right/Blessing: Generational freedom from sin- central piece of blessing the ruler possesses a high level of spiritual authority and is called to earn authority in the heavens and release it to the generations.There is an immense authority given to the ruler: How does the ruler accrue spiritual authority to pass it on? By honouring God and going beyond obedience. This is evidenced in David, a man after God’s own heart. The ruler is to release generational blessings into the world and spiritual realm (must learn to not only do the tasks but honour the Lord). Noah was an example of releasing blessing. The ruler must seek God to find out what He has called them to do and then honour Him in walking it out. No one has the spiritual dominion that the ruler has. _________________ ____________________________________________ 7: MercyBehavioural Characteristics: – No or few enemies – finds common ground with just about everyone – Safe place for wounded people – easily confided in – Tend to be non-judgmental – Able to pick out people who are troubled and see through facades – Has only 1 or 2 close intimate friends but many acquaintances – Craves intimacy and needs physical touch – this need can often lead to sexual impurity – Slow in making life transitions because it takes a while to disengage emotionally – Connects with the heart of God – difficulty explaining why feel God is directing in a certain way – Very intuitive when it comes to following God’s lead Dislikes confrontation – natural tendency is to nurture and protect people from harm – If immature can be indecisive, not wanting to step on toes – Tendency to be exploited and become a vic tim because unwilling to confront even a predator – Fierce anger but usually only surfaces around loyalty – known to take up offense for another -Drawn into spiritual warfare when another who they care for is being spiritually attacked. – Strong predisposition to worship – moves more easily into presence of God than the other gifts – Loves Beauty – Stubborn in the nicest sort of wayPrincipal: Fulfilment By design the Mercy is able to engage spirit to Spirit with God. They are able to go there more easily more often. This is the highest fulfilment for the mercy. Birth right/Blessing: The mercy must find fulfilment in God and impart that blessing to others. As the Mercy is sanctified they sanctify their environment (time, people, and place) and are able to transform the sinful into the holy. New Full Notes Prophet Three Kinds of Prophets: Office of prophet in Eph. 4 as a nurturing position. Anyone who has the manifestation gift of prophesying can be in that office.They should not be the only person in a church prophesying but they should be nurturing the prophets coming up, who definitely need that. So there is the office of, manifestation gift of, and then redemptive gift of. The Redemptive Gift doesn’t necessarily prophesy at all. John the Baptist is an example of this in scripture. His only prophecy was that Messiah was coming which had been being said for 2000 years. Yet all through his ministry he demonstrated the redemptive gift of prophet. So any of the 7 can prophesy and prophet doesn’t necessarily prophesy at all.Behavioural Characteristics â€Å"I can’t justify all of these characteristics from scripture, a lot of this is based on 20 years of experience of working with individuals and seeing their patterns. No one gift has a monopoly on these characteristics and so because a person has 2 or 3 of them does not indicate that they have this gift. Rather, when someone has 15-18 of the characte ristics we know we have established the behaviour to tell a duck from a horse. †Ã¢â‚¬â€Arthur Burk  · See things in black and white. There is right and wrong, good and bad. It’s a very simplistic world view.They can assess a situation in about 3 seconds and tell you whether it’s good or bad.  · They tend to take initiative and enjoy things that are new. If someone else is not making something new around them they will. The prophet does a terrible job of maintaining something that is running well. If you put a prophet in an organizational or administrative position with a program that is running well, he will do one of four things. He will improve it, change it, enlarge it or quit. To maintain status quo absolutely totally cuts against the core, the grain, the spiritual DNA of how God made a prophet.They do not maintain, they make new. You bring a prophet into a situation where there is chaos, they can be quite cheerful for a while as they restore some order, establish a proper framework, but as soon as the thing is fixed they want out.  · The prophet tends to be a verbal expressive. Some people have described the prophet and exhorter both as obsessive, compulsive verbal expressive. Peter, for example, was usually the first one to speak in a group situation. A prophet processes very quickly and has an opinion on everything all the time and is quite willing to share it. The prophet takes the initiative to judge others He not only knows what’s right and wrong but, just by default, goes through the grocery store and evaluates whether the groceries are in the right place, whether they have the right lighting, whether the checker is doing a good job. There is this compulsion to pass judgment on anything and everything, and hopefully a more mature prophet keeps his mouth shut most of the time but through his mind he is saying â€Å"right, wrong, not good, should be better, change this. † The evaluation is always there.  · Th e prophet knows no fear unless he’s been seriously wounded.There is a basic boldness in dealing with others and with situations. Ex: Arthur did home repair in the early years and would tell people he could do a given job whether he knew how or not. He just had the confidence he could figure it out. They are not intimidated by the unknown.  · Another core-value deep in the DNA of the prophet is an inability to tolerate bondage. They do not like to be locked up, trapped down, set in a closed situation. Perhaps one of the classic examples of this in American history is Geronimo. He was prophet by redemptive gift, and time and again was captured and put in prison.He preferred to be on the run; he’d rather be on horseback with no place of peace, running from old Mexico to new and back, with all the troops pursuing him, than to be locked up. The whole concept of being in bondage is anathema to the prophet.  · The prophet is extraordinarily generous. Many prophets confuse themselves with givers at first. They give far more than any other of the gifts. Many times the prophet out-gives the giver. The difference is that the prophet many times gives impulsively and unwisely. The prophet brings his â€Å"no fear† attitude alongside his giving and will give his last dollar without any hesitation.He’ll commit to the major faith challenge without any concern but sometimes his impulsiveness causes him to give unwisely or to someone who uses it inappropriately. It is amazing to watch how fast the prophet can go from sacrificial giving, to someone who uses it unwisely, to judging them for squandering the Lord’s money.  · The prophet shifts gears very quickly. In the Burk household it was called changing lanes without signalling, and many times it is like changing whole freeways without using the interchange. They are here, then there, this idea and then that idea.  · There is a need to have vision, a need to have a reason.Joel Aldridge gave an elegant illustration of prophets. He groups people into three groups: visionaries, implementers and maintainers. He said if you took a bunch of each and put them on a ship that was loaded with everything necessary for the good life and went out to sea, within a matter of two or three days each one of the visionaries (prophets) would one at a time quietly seek out the captain. They’d ask him where they were going and if the captain said â€Å"what is it that you need, we have everything on the ship you need for pleasure†? The visionary would say â€Å"no, it’s not that I need anything, I just want to know where we’re going. â€Å"We’re going no place in particular but the ship has everything you need for enjoyment. † That doesn’t compute with the visionary, and one after another the visionaries would go to the rear of the ship and jump overboard, because the prophet cannot not go somewhere. He cannot be busy proceeding and no t know where they are proceeding to and why. There is a need to have vision, a need to have a reason even if it is a bad reason. The need to have a deadline, a point, an objective is non-negotiable with the prophet. Take away the reason to live and the destruction to the prophet is immense.Where there is hopelessness, where there is bondage, where there is no future and the prophet feels trapped, it destroys his soul and the prophet can literally will himself to death where there has been that degree of hopelessness.  · The prophet tends to be fiercely competitive with emphasis on fiercely. The only way they know how to play a game is cutthroat. Winning is everything for them.  · The prophet also demonstrates his gift in the area of full disclosure. When he is selling a used car, unless he is really carnal, it is impossible for him to cover up the defects.He rather discloses them, telling every little defect, doing all he can to un-sell the car after it is sold because of that c ompulsion for honesty and integrity.  · The prophet is very, very hard on himself. He is legendary for beating up others for their sins but very few understand how hard he is on himself. When a prophet has majorly sinned, like when Peter denied Christ, it is really hard for him to forgive himself, and to restore him to ministry and dignity, because they are far fiercer in their own denunciation than they are in reproving other peoples’ sin.  · It is important for the prophet to make sense out of everything.This becomes a trap for many prophets, especially in a theological situation where they have to look at problems and somehow restore logic to the situation. They become the ultimate spin doctors in their own world. Some of the conclusions they reach in their desperate attempt to bring reason to an unreasonable situation can get them in trouble. It is a mark of maturity when he can embrace the sovereignty of God, embrace a segment of his life that simply, absolutely does n’t make sense and can conclude â€Å"I just have to let God be God. † That is a tough step but a major one and a maturing one for a prophet. A prophet tends to hold truth much more tightly than relationships This is especially true in family relationships. You watch a prophet who works in a community for 5 years, has all kinds of relationships, is admired, is appreciated, when he moves to a new community the tendency will be to dig in deeply, to work whole heartedly in the new place and very quickly the relationships in the old community fade away. This is especially true of family. It’s not that the prophet is overtly rejecting his family, although the tendency to be judgmental can lead to a lot of family fragmentation, it’s just an â€Å"out of sight out of mind† thing.There is the current world where they live, with two toes in the day and the rest of them in tomorrow, and worrying about yesterday’s relationships just isn’t part o f the prophets DNA most of the time.  · The prophet has a passion for excellence in himself and in everyone else.  · The prophet has probably the largest range of emotions of any gift. The human voice can do an octave or two; the trumpet 12, the piano has 88. The prophet is going to have the deepest compassion, the most mercy, and the fiercest judgmental spirit all in the same person.The prophet is going to have the deepest depression, the most profound hopelessness, and at the same time the capacity to celebrate God with exuberance, with an extravagance that no other gift can match. They run the entire gamut. One of the marks of a wounded prophet is one who has pulled in his emotions and is only playing on 10 notes or so because he is so afraid of the depression he has fallen into in the past. So in order to not fall into the depression, he has to pull in and also not experience the joys. This is sad because God has designed the prophet to be intense, passionate, and to be extr eme in most emotional settings.Sometimes even to the grief of those around them. So these are the behavioural characteristics. Most prophets can be identified by running through these as questions. Unless they are severely wounded, 80-90% of these will apply to the average prophet. Prophets in Scripture Miriam, Naomi Remember how overt Naomi was in beating herself up when she came back from Moab, saying â€Å"don’t call me Naomi, call me Mera because the Lord has dealt bitterly with me. † It’s not enough for the Lord to spank her; she has to publicly spank herself in front of everybody. They have full disclosure all the way.Ezekiel, Peter, Jonathan and Caleb. Lists of Sevens The Lists of Sevens in scripture parallel the redemptive gifts. There are about 100 lists of seven to be found including the 7 days of Creation, the 7 compound names of Jehovah, 7 articles in the tabernacle, seven miracles of Jesus in John, the 7 last words of Christ on the cross, the 7 lett ers to the churches in Revelations†¦ The first thing in each list matches the first redemptive gift. So, first day of creation would give insight into prophet, the second day to servant, and so forth. Day 1—Light Of the 7? in scripture, Genesis 1 is one of the richest. On the first day God created light. It is interesting to note that God did not create the sun, moon and stars until the fourth day. So what did He create on the first day? You need a little science to follow this. Every kind of light, infra-red, ultra-violet, x-rays, gamma-rays, all these different spectrums of light are an electromagnetic field flowing across time. In order to have any sort of light you have to have matter, space, you have to have time and you have to have the laws of science to govern them. So God created all these on the first day.The first thing He created was time, then He created space, then He created the natural laws, then He created the matter that operates within those natural la ws. Every electron, every atom has time and space precisely governing it, the speed with which the electrons flow around the nucleus, the distance away from the nucleus, all of those things are governed by time and space. Natural Law In addition to the laws of science, on the first day God created all of natural law. We can’t prove it from this passage, however, the laws of science are universal, non-optional, cause and effect relationship.Meaning that these natural laws operate completely outside of moral law and outside of God’s intervention. If you take a pin and let go, it will drop to the ground because of the law of gravity. God did not reach down from heaven and slam the pin to the ground, rather the natural consequence, the cause and effect relationship came into play. We understand the accuracy of the laws of science. They are universal; they work the same in Brazil as in America. They are not optional, they apply the same whether we understand them or not, wh ether we want them to or not.Very simply, someway, somehow, we are violating natural law in terms of Alzheimer’s. We do not know which law we are violating, if we did, supposedly we would stop violating it. Even though we are ignorant, even though we do not want to violate the law, it is non-optional. The fact that we are, is causing disease in our minds. There is a natural consequence to breaking these laws without God’s intervention. It has nothing to do with His moral judgment. There is a 2nd and 3rd level to natural law. The 1st level is the laws of science, the relationship between man and matter. The 2nd is the relationship between man and man.God has established 5 authority structures in scripture and they are, in order: the relationship in marriage, parenting, civil government, religious government, and in business. Again, you have to hold separately moral law, which has eternal consequences, and natural law which has temporal consequences without God’s intervention. Take two people who are married and devout believers. They love the Lord, they’re saved and serving Him. But if they, out of ignorance, or willfulness, violate most of God’s natural laws for marriage, they will have a horrible marriage no matter how saved they are.On the flip side, you can have a couple people who are unsaved, going to hell, but they accidentally obey most of God’s natural law for marriage. They can have a wonderful marriage in time because they reap the natural consequences of God’s law and yet they die and go to hell for breaking moral law. Similarly, an unsaved person can have a great business if he accidentally obeys God’s laws for business. There are principles that are outside of moral law, that are natural cause and effect relationship that apply universally to Christians and non-Christians.There is a 3rd level of natural law, that between man and the spirit realm. Our relationship with the demonic is governed by laws as well as our relationship with God. These laws are universal, non-optional, cause and effect relationship. If you are ignorant of those laws and accidentally violate them they can give demons access to your life whether you want it or not. Also, there are laws that deal with our relationship with God, how to become more intimate with God. If you violate those you reap the consequences. On the 1st day God created all 3 levels of natural law. There re things we can do in our human relationships to work more smoothly together, there are things we can do in our spiritual relationship to come into greater intimacy with God when we understand natural law. This, very simply, is the playing field of the prophet. Birthright The prophet, if you will, is the research and development scientist in the Body of Christ. The R & D scientist does not invent any new principles. The laws of science are fixed. He may discover one or two new ones but he doesn’t invent any. He does not in vent any new elements. God has already determined the limit of the elements.He may discover one or two new ones but basically he is taking the unchangeable things of the laws of science, that first level, and he is continually reassembling them in different ways. The infinite number of new products we have being birthed in the world today by the R & D engineers are a result of new combinations of the principles and resources of natural law. So the prophet is not called to create new absolutes, because the absolutes are finite, created by God alone. But the prophet is called upon to see new applications, new ways to implement those principles in new situations.One of the heroic moments of the church and one of the great moments for prophets was Acts 15. There is no other more pivotal event in the history of the church. The issue was whether Gentiles had to become Jews. The whole church was stirred up over it. There was deep passion, and profound commitment to both sides, so they brou ght together everyone to Jerusalem. The apostles were there, very credentialed people, those with the manifestation gift of prophesy. In that setting, with one of the most critical theological issues the church has faced, God was silent. There was no prophetic word at all.God left it in the hands of those with redemptive gift of prophet, specifically James the brother of Christ who was elder at the church in Jerusalem, to reason from principle and to come to a conclusion. They listened to all the evidence; they listened to this side and that, all the evidence and all the glory stories. When James got up and issued a verdict he reasoned from principle. He said here’s this verse from the Old Testament, here’s this principle we’re going to extract from the verse. We take this principle and we apply it to this new situation and this is how we’re going to walk.That is the birthright to the redemptive gift of prophet. To be able to look at a new environmental s ituation, go to the word of God, take a story from there, boil it down to its principles, and bring that principle back out to a new application. The prophet does not invent new absolutes ever. That is heresy; that is iniquity. The prophet discovers the principles of natural law and brings them out and applies them. This enables us to understand several of the behavioral characteristics of the prophet. The reason the prophet does not like to do maintenance is because there is no application of principles.Once something is up and running, it’s up and running, there’s closure. But as long as there are problems, as long as there are opportunities, as long as there is a blank piece of paper to write something new, the prophet can assemble principles. The prophet gets no joy out of standing, watching principles that are already assembled work. The prophet does not celebrate more than about 10 minutes, â€Å"Okay, it worked, that’s good, that’s fun, next. â₠¬  The prophet needs an environment, needs either a problem or blank piece of paper to apply principles, to weave together the resources, to make something from nothing based upon principles.You also understand the boldness and the faith of the prophet. The prophet understands the power of truth. The prophet understands that truth is inexorable (relentless, not persuaded by request or entreaty). The prophet is willing to bet on these universal, non-optional principles. When you are working with people in the area of faith, you basically have to divvy out the prophet and the other six. Because to the other six gifts, faith is based primarily on relationship. Where they have a strong relationship with God, where they’ve experienced the intervening hand of God in relationship, they have the faith to move forward.The prophet is the only one whose faith is based on the principles and not on relationship. The blind faith that truth is inexorable, that these things are going to wor k, is the hallmark of the prophet. Meaning of the word prophet The Greek word for prophet is a combination of two things that mean â€Å"prior† and â€Å"to make known,† in other words to make something known before it happens, the idea of foresight of seeing it beforehand and making it known. Understand that this Greek word can be used in two separate ways. For the manifestation gift of prophesying, God sovereignty makes known to the individual what is going to happen in the future.That is the kind of usage we are accustomed to for the word prophet. But the redemptive gift of prophet does the same thing in a different way. Using principles, he can know in advance what will happen. Look at the laws of science, we can take them and extrapolate where Mars is going to be in a couple of years, so we can successfully put some litter up there. That is extrapolation from principle, we know in advance what is going to happen because the laws of science are inexorable and we ca n extrapolate into the present.So the same word has two different applications. The redemptive gift of prophet operates in the arena of principles and extends the truth into the future. Whereas the manifestation gift of prophet is able to hear from God directly and just know things that will happen in the future. A good redemptive gift of prophet is someone who can build, not just one who can criticize. Any carnal, immature prophet can run around and say â€Å"this is broken, and that’s wrong, and this you shouldn’t do† and so on. That is very damaging to the church and very low level.A good prophet is somebody who can embrace the problem and apply the principles in such a way as to effectively repair the problem. First fruits There is one other observation regarding the prophet from the 1st day of creation. It is very impressive how important the concept of the principle of first fruit is to God. The very first thing God created was time. Where you create space you have to have time. He created space, then time, then natural law and then matter. While all of us need to give God the first fruits of our time, it seems to be much more critical for the prophet.Whatever the configuration, whether the first fruits of the day or the week, or the month or the year, or the first fruits of a new project, God seems to require the prophet to sanctify the first fruits of time otherwise the rest will be devoured. This is in the arena of the relationship between God and man, that 3rd level of natural law. As we recognize that God has a claim on time and dedicate the first fruits of time, the rest is sanctified in a great way Jehovah Jireh The next illustration is from the 7 compound names of Jehovah that parallel he gifts. Jehovah Jireh, the Lord who provides is the first. This was given in the context of God commanding Abraham to sacrifice Isaac. This made perfect sense to Abraham in the context of the Gentile nations he was living in. Understand that God was still developing, still unfolding the truth of who He was and how He wanted to relate to man. The surrounding Gentile nations sacrificed their firstborn son as the highest form of sacrifice, the greatest appeasement, the greatest bribe to give to a god. So the instructions came, sacrifice your son.He knew it was his only son and that his son was over 13 years old. He took his son to sacrifice him and God stopped him and said no, don’t do this. There was a ram caught in the bush by the horn so Abraham took that ram, sacrificed it, and said â€Å"the Lord will provide. † The lesson is very simple here—the Lord will provide the payment necessary for sin. This is all about holiness, all about a righteous God; it is all about satisfying the demands of God. The prophet is so driven to excel that he can drift into the heresy of trying to buy God’s favor.Not that they would ever say that, but there is the inadvertent belief in them that if they just excel enough, if they just do this, that, and the other, it will be enough for God. The prophet has to personally come to grips with the fact that God does not need anything from him. God doesn’t need his excellence or self-sacrifice. God has provided everything that is necessary. He is merely allowing the prophet to draw honor and glory to God by the way he works out the process. This works similarly in dealing with the sin of people.The prophet is one who sees the evilness of sin and also sees the restorative power of God. The prophet has a violent objection to cheap grace. It is the carnal prophet who is first in line to stone the sinner, but even the mature prophet can see the deep damage done to the Body of Christ when sin is dealt with too lightly. Dr. White was one of the foremost Presbyterian preachers during the 1800? s. He was a prophet by redemptive gift, a mighty man of God. His famous book is Lord Teach Us to Pray.A deacon in his church said â€Å"no man had so often dashed him to the ground with his sermons, but no man has so quickly and so often picked me up again and showed me the water in the cleft of the rock to restore my soul. † That is the full range of the prophet. The prophet is the quickest to say â€Å"this is wrong, this is very, very wrong. † But the mature prophet must be someone who wisely handles the principles, who knows how to rebuild a broken life. That is the masterpiece of the prophet. Anybody can be a finger pointer, prophet or non-prophet. But it is the prophet that God commissions to know the principles that will rebuild.To know, not just the evilness of sin, but to know the fullness of God’s grace to be able to restore. Jehovah Jireh is the Lord who will provide everything necessary to cover the iniquity, everything necessary to restore and release once again. That is the prophet at his best, Jehovah Jireh, providing the penalty and restoration. The prophet is one that is drawn to brokenness. You us ually find the prophet working on the two extremes. The prophet finds very little use for the Grand National average that fills the pews, but he spends his time with the leadership and those who are broken that want to be restored.It doesn’t matter how badly they’re broken, it doesn’t matter what their brokenness is, it doesn’t matter how hopeless they are in themselves. There is something that rises up within the prophet. There is holy rage of fierce anger that the devil would dare to destroy a work of God, a human being, a city, or a community, that God has created. There is a passion and desire to bring the principles to apply, to restore, to rebuild, to release into the fullness of the birthright. That is the heartbeat of the prophet in his maturity. The Brazen AltarThe first thing you come to in the outer courtyard is the brazen altar, that’s where it all has to begin. Two things happen there. One is a person would bring a sacrifice for his si n. Again we see this motif of dealing with sin in a head-on way. The sinner comes to the priest, offers the sacrifices, the sin offering, the guilt offering and the burnt offering. But we overlook the fact that it is at that brazen altar that the prophet also brought his thank offering, his fellowship offering, his praise offering. Again we see the prophet’s passion for celebration.The prophet is first in line with the glory stories, the prophet is the one that is quickest to celebrate and celebrate the most extravagantly the things that God has done. Think again of the piano, that full range of emotions, not just the sinfulness of sin but celebrating, in advance before it’s even done, celebrating the restorative work of God. It is the prophet who can look at that broken individual, look at that individual who no longer has hope, no longer has dignity, and to see in him the fingerprints of Almighty God.He can see the call of God on his life and speak life and restorati on into him. He can come along side him, partner with him. For the prophet is celebrating years before the person gets to the reality of who they are and who they can become once again when the liberating principles are applied to remove him from his bondage. So the brazen altar celebrates both aspects, the awfulness of sin and the gloriousness of the restoration that God is able to do, and is willing to do, and desires to do through the prophet. Changing Water to Wine Another one of the 7? is the 7 miracles of Christ in the gospel of John. The first is the changing of water to wine. The prophet very much enjoys demonstrating the power of God, using the power of God over nature to be able to prove to somebody that their God exists. The prophet gravitates to the power encounter. The prophet, with his lack of fear and his great faith, is willing and able and desirous to celebrate the power of God over nature and in nature for restorative purposes. Letter to Ephesus In Rev. 2:1 we see a classic description of the inner workings of the redemptive gift of prophet. These are the words of him, who holds the seven stars in his hands and walks among the golden lamp stands. I know your deeds, your hard work and your perseverance. † Those are characteristics of the prophet—hard work. It is difficult to find a lazy prophet, most are doing more than they should. There’s a desire to invest sweat equity into these principles they believe in. â€Å"I know that you cannot tolerate wicked men and that you have tested those who claim to be apostles but are not and have found them false. One of the characteristics of the prophet is that they can walk into a room full of strangers and it takes them about 60 seconds to spot the rebels in the crowd. They have an intuitive reaction to overt rebellion. They can tolerate brokenness, ignorance, they can tolerate a lot of things, but the rebel absolutely sets the alarms going for the prophet. And the only thing worse than a rebel is a hypocrite in a position of leadership, and the prophet can usually spot that in 3 seconds not 60. â€Å"You have tested those who claim to be apostles but are not and have found them false. â€Å"You have persevered and endured hardship for my name and have not grown weary. † For reasons I can’t explain, God requires a higher price from the prophet than any other gift, in his own walk and in his personal disciplines. Most of the time the prophet has to live out in his life, in his personal sacrifices his faith and his commitment. I don’t think there is any higher example of this in scripture than the prophet Ezekiel. He was a prophet in exile. He was ministering in Babylon, having been carried there from Israel in captivity.He was ministering to one of the worst congregations around. The Israelites were in absolute denial. Denial is something else that drives the prophet nuts. They were saying â€Å"this is not God’s judgment; we donà ¢â‚¬â„¢t deserve God’s judgment. We will be back in our land shortly; this is just a blip on the screen. † Day after day Ezekiel got in front of those knuckle heads saying, â€Å"It is God’s judgment, and it will last, and Jerusalem will be destroyed and you are in denial. † They said, â€Å"no we’re not,† and he said â€Å"yes you are. Not only was he in captivity and had a wretched audience, there was also apparently poverty and hardship in his ministry. God had him lie on one side for 300 days, then lay on the other side. All of these symbolic things he had to act out—eat food that was cooked over a polluted fire. Many things he lived out in his own flesh, his own pain. Then, finally, God came to him and said, â€Å"you only have one thing that is really important to you and that’s your wife, you love her dearly, she’s the apple of your eye, she’s going to die tomorrow and you’re not going to miss a bea t.You’re going to preach your morning sermon and your evening sermon and you’re not going to mourn or be part of her funeral. † As prices go, that’s an awfully high price. He paid it. God calls the prophet to pay a high price. There are many well meaning, foolish people that gather around the prophet who has experienced difficulty in his life, and they begin talking about sin and repentance and this, that and the other. For those with redemptive gift of prophet, don’t let God’s people or the devil lay a guilt trip on you.When your conscience is clear, when you have done what God has called you to do and you’re experiencing severe hardship, when your prayers are not answered and the prayers of other people for you, and prayers for others get immediate answers, God is not angry with you nor has put you on the shelf, this is part of what God does to build authority in the prophet. So persevere. Rev. 2—â€Å"you have persevered and endured hardship for My name and have not grown weary. † There is also the time issue. Ps. 1:3—â€Å"he is like a tree planted by streams of water which yields its fruit in season and whose leaf does not wither. Let’s take first of all, the phrase â€Å"he is like a tree planted by streams of water. † There are two separate words in the Hebrew, one for planted and one for transplanted. The planted word is to take a stick and make a hole in the ground like you put seeds in. The word in this verse is transplanted. You do not transplant a tree on a whim. It takes a great deal of effort and skill. When God uproots the prophet and moves him to a new location, which God seems to do fairly frequently, it is very intentional, very carefully done.Even though it is traumatic, it is from the hand of God. God transplants this tree by streams of water, hand-dug irrigation ditches, intentionally put there to water the prophet. Then He goes on and says, it’s lik e a tree that will bear fruit in his season and the season depends very much on the tree. A papaya tree bears fruit in 6 or 7 months, a lemon tree in a couple years an apple tree in 5, a Brazil nut in 75 years! Each tree bears fruit in its season and there are different seasons within the season. Some prophets will begin to bear fruit early in life, some late in life.Again, people are so quick to pigeon hole the prophet, to not understand that God deals with the prophet differently than he deals with the other 6. It says â€Å"his leaf will not wither. † There are two Hebrew words, one for wither, the other for wilt. A better translation is his leaf will not wilt. Wither means you cut a branch off, it’s dying, it’s a one way trip, and the leaf never comes back when it withers. A leaf that wilts lacks water. There’s a drought, a dryness, whether for an afternoon or for a season. There is not enough water getting to the leaf.When the water gets to the leaf, this leaf that is still alive but is drooping will perk up again and will receive its full form. And God says this tree He has planted is not going to wilt, the leaves will not wilt, which means there will always be enough water to get up to the leaves. This has to do with the root system that is so critical for the prophet. The issue is not the water. There is plenty in the irrigation ditch, there’s no shortage. God saw to that, that’s why he transplanted it. The issue is the size of the root system.The wise gardener who did the transplanting knows he can’t allow nature to run its course. In the natural, the tree is going to develop proportional roots and branches—the first year 10 units of roots, 10 of branches, the 2nd year 20 and 20, the 3rd year 30 & 30. The gardener knows in the context of Israel that this tree, which is planted in the lush valley between the mountain range of Jerusalem and the Jordan River, is going to be subjected from time to ti me to the siroccos, the hot blowing winds that come from the desert, east of the Jordan River.So the gardener prepares. He does so by changing the ratio of roots to branches. He has to see to it that there are enough roots to draw not just the ordinary amount of water but to draw the extra-ordinary amount of water up to the leaves. So the gardener does two things. From time to time he will artificially stress the tree by withdrawing water. By simulating a drought, removing the water from the irrigation it forces the tree to thrust down roots deeper and farther to find new sources of water. It’s traumatic in the short run but beneficial in the long.It can be very disconcerting for the prophet when all of a sudden God is silent. When after years of being able to open the word and hear God speak to him through the word, years of hearing God speak in his ear, all of a sudden God is silent for days, weeks or months. The prophet goes to his heart and searches for sin and confesses everything he ever did and the things he intended to do but didn’t get a chance. He goes to his friends and asks them for examination, he does everything he knows how to do, still God is silent.Again the well meaning friends of Job come around and begin to point the finger and accuse. Don’t accept the guilt trip from man or the devil. When your conscience is clean and God is silent it is because God wants to force you to drive your roots down deeper level. Eventually, if you will be tenacious, hang in there, persevere, if you’ll keep going to the word that seems so dry, keep going to the word that seems like a rock, eventually out of that rock anointing will flow, the honey will flow, all that you’ve been looking for.There are times, seasons in the prophet’s life when God is silent and it is not because of their sin, it’s because of God’s plan for their life, trying to develop a deeper, richer root system. There are also times, repeat ed seasons, for everyone, but more for the prophet where God prunes an effective ministry. You were in a ministry, you were serving, things were going well, and God was blessing and all of the sudden God yanks you out of that ministry and hands it to someone else. It’s painful. What God has done is prune the branches, and now this tree only has 10 units of branches and 30 units of roots.It grows another year and you get plugged into another ministry and that begins to build and you have 20 units of branches and 40 units of roots and 50 units of branches and 60 units of roots. God prunes it again and yanks you out of this very profitable ministry where you’re touching lives, where the Spirit God is flowing, where there’s life and there’s fulfillment. You’re excited, and you’re beginning to feel the release of the volcano that’s in your belly, and God cuts off those branches and pulls you back out and you’re standing there a nub of a tree with 10 units of branches and 60 units of roots.Now God says, â€Å"I can let him go. Now I know there is enough of a root system there, a root system that is far greater than the branches and I can let him move into a position of ministry. † God can laugh at the siroccos coming across the Jordan River. Those hot, burning winds and knows that this prophet can face the fire, can face hardship and turmoil, can look fearlessly in the face of a withering blast from the devil and have enough of a root system to draw life from the word of God and his leaf will not wither. God calls the prophet to a higher price than any other gift.God prepares him, prunes him, stresses the root system Vs. 4 â€Å"yet I have this against you, you have forsaken your first love, remember the height from which you have fallen, repent and do the things you did at first. If you do not repent I will come to you and remove your lamp stand from its place but you have this in your favor you hate t he practices of the Nicolaitans which I also hate. † The Nicolaitans were apparently the followers of one of those first 7 men that were chosen to serve tables in Jerusalem, Nicholas. He taught a cheap grace. He said almost any sin can be overcome very easily.The sin of fornication only made you unclean for 8 days then you were fully restored, there were no long-term consequences and against that cheap grace the prophet’s ire burns hot. This is characteristic of the prophet. They are so quick to restore but only after there has been legitimate repentance. They are quick to restore but they understand the damage that is done by sin. They’re quick to restore but they know there is no such thing as a small sin. God commended them for their hatred of cheap grace. The verse before said, â€Å"if you do not repent I will come to you and remove your lamp stand. God has built within the prophet deep within the core of his being a terror of being sidelined, an absolute f ear of becoming so unworthy that the prophet loses the opportunity to pursue his birthright, that the door is forever closed, that the lamp stand is removed. It is something God has placed there as part of the terror of the Lord to keep the prophet walking a holy walk. No other gift can fully understand that latent, resident, permanent fear that the godly prophet has of making a mistake that will cause him to be sidelined, to position him to where he can never possess his birthright.The prophet brings that fear to bear on others desperately pleading with them to walk in holiness and to not run the risk of losing their opportunity for their birthright. Principle of Design Now the most familiar phrase from Revelations 2:2—â€Å"I hold this against you, you have forsaken your first love. † That brings us to the issue of the principle of design. Moving away from the 7? s to the principle of the design; this is the area where the prophet has to stand and fall on this princi ple.Basically, understanding the principles and weaving them together, the challenge for the prophet is to embrace all of the principles. The prophet gravitates to a particular set of principles. There are those areas of rebuilding that seem easy and natural and comfortable, and there are others that seem to be a real nuisance. One of those areas is the principles dealing with relationships. The prophet gets very irritable with having to earn the right to speak because of relationship. â€Å"After all, truth is truth, and you should receive it because it’s truth, not because I said it. Yet the reality is that only a small segment of people are prophet. Only a small segment of people are ideologically (relating to a systemic body of concepts) driven. The other 6 gifts are relationally connected. The prophet can be obstinate, he can stand on his truth and cram it down people’s throats and be ineffective with his truth crammer. Or the prophet can choose to study the prin ciples that have to do with relationships and can learn how to walk in authority and in relationship, how to establish appropriate bridges without prostituting the truth that he communicates.To the degree the prophet is unwilling to embrace the principles of relationship, to that degree his ministry will be crippled and limited. Furthermore, coming back to the passage in Revelations, to the degree the prophet is unwilling to embrace the biblical principles, to seek them out and pursue them, the principles that deal with intimacy with God, to that degree he will be a miserable failure in his walk. Again, God does not need the work of the prophet. God created an entire universe without a prophet helping him do it.Even though God commends the prophet for the hard work, even though God blesses the prophet and called him to work hard, to work sacrificially, to weave together principles, to do things and go places others haven’t gone before, still the primary call on the prophets l ife,(which is the primary call on everyone’s life), and that is intimacy with the most high God. That is first and foremost. The carnal prophet who is task-oriented and project-oriented and focused on the truth of the word of God, does not necessarily have intimacy with God, and has missed the point entirely.God says, â€Å"I will remove you, even though you were diligent and hate cheap grace and work hard, even though you’ve persevered, even though you’ve allowed me to prune and haven’t gotten bitter, I will remove you if you consistently resist studying the principles of intimacy with the Most High God. † Father, Forgive Them Each of these 7 last words of Christ on the cross is the most difficult things for each of the 7 gifts to do. Jesus had all 7 redemptive gifts. Christ faced the toughest issue with each one of the gifts, in sequence, on the cross.The first thing that he said was, â€Å"Father forgive them, they know not what they do†. Prophet’s Battlefield Bitterness becomes the prophets enduring battlefield. The prophet sees hardship, sees the consequences of sin so much more clearly than anyone else. The prophet is horrified by the evilness of sin more so than the other gifts, and so he becomes very prone to step into the role of God and to be not only the judge and jury, but to be the one who issues the sentence and say â€Å"this is how long it is going to be, and this is what you have to do before I will release you. It is against that back drop of bitterness, that unforgiving spirit that is so destructive, that it would be good to look at Matt. 18:21, the story of the two slaves. One slave owed the king basically the national debt, an immense amount of money. The other owed the king a lesser amount but still a significant amount. But notice the context 18:21 Matt 18:21. â€Å"Then Peter (redemptive gift of prophet) came to Him and said, ‘Lord, how often shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? Up to seven times? ’ Jesus said to him, ‘I do not say to you, up to seven times, but up to seventy times seven. The servant owing the national debt pleaded with the king. The king knew he could never repay that amount and unilaterally forgave him. Then he went out and found a second servant that owed him 100 denarii. Many say this was an insignificant amount. Not true, 1 denarii was 1 days wage and so it was 1/3 of a year’s wages. † Whether you earn 100K a year or minimum wage, if someone rips you off 4 months’ salary, the probability is that it hurts. Compared to the national debt it was nothing. But for a man destitute, broke, a man who was in debt 4 months’ salary is a significant amount that could leverage him to something better.Servant 1 went to servant 2 and demanded payment and when 2 couldn’t pay, 1 threw him into prison. The king heard about it and his response is interesting. First, he didn’t set servant 2 free. He did have servant imprisoned and turned over to the torturers until he should pay all he owed. If I have nothing and owe the national debt and someone is beating me, that does not necessarily position me to have more money. So the beating couldn’t accomplish servant 1 gaining money. The king was trying to cause servant 1 to receive the forgiveness that had been extended.The reason 1 grabbed 2 and tried to get the money was that he still wanted to get a nest egg to leverage it to make the money to repay the king. The king had forgiven him but he could not receive the forgiveness and so he was to be tortured until he paid all that he owed. How much did he owe? Nothing. His debt had been forgiven. All he had to do was to say to the torturers â€Å"I don’t owe the king anything† and he would be released. But as long as his pride kept him trying to pay the debt, as long as his pride kept him from receiving the forgiveness that the king had given him, to tha t degree he still had to be tortured.If he could swallow his pride and receive his forgiveness he could be released and then could release number 2 because he would no longer need to exploit him. Again, we come back to the prophet’s perception of God. The greatest battle for the prophet is not to forgive others; it is to forgive himself when he has sinned deeply. There is a tendency for the prophet to drive himself, for the prophet to flog himself and make everyone around him miserable as well, as the prophet is trying in some way to â€Å"pay back† the Lord for the harm he has caused the kingdom of God.God forces the prophet into a position where he must unilaterally receive the forgiveness that he absolutely does not de